Science Review 3

A science class has an aquarium in which fish and aquatic plants are growing. How is carbon dioxide directly involved in the survival of organisms in the aquarium?

• The fish must absorb carbon dioxide through their gills for energy.

• Both the plants and the fish need carbon dioxide to make their own nutrients.

• The plants need carbon dioxide to make sugar.

• The plants release carbon dioxide into the water to control the water temperature.

A family was vacationing in the mountains in a cabin that had no electrical power. They needed boiling water in order to prepare dried soup mix. With no electrical energy available, which method would most likely provide enough thermal energy to quickly heat the water to boiling?

• Using a microwave oven to heat water in a glass jar for 3 minutes

• Shaking the water in a closed, insulated plastic bottle for 3 minutes

• Shining a battery-powered flashlight on a metal container of water for 10 minutes

• Placing a metal pot of water over glowing charcoal in an outdoor grill for 10 minutes

A partial food web from the Texas Piney Woods is shown. How many types of organisms in this food web obtain energy directly from producers?

• two

• three

• four

• five

The picture below shows a cumulonimbus cloud forming over an ocean. Which statement best explains how the sun and the ocean interact to form a cumulonimbus cloud?

• Heat from the sun warms the ocean, causing water to evaporate. The water vapor then condenses to form a cumulonimbus cloud.

• Heat from the sun causes clouds in the area to gather over the ocean and form one large cumulonimbus cloud.

• Light from the sun shines on the ocean, causing water vapor to condense. The water then evaporates to form a cumulonimbus cloud.

• Light from the sun causes ocean water to reflect water vapor into the air and gather over the ocean into a cumulonimbus cloud.

A student measured out 10 mL of four clear liquids and added one drop of a different-colored dye to each liquid. One of the liquids was water. The student then carefully poured each liquid into a graduated cylinder and let the mixture settle for 30 minutes. The student observed that the liquids had separated into layers, as shown in the diagram. Which of these procedures would help the student identify the layer of water?

• Stir the liquids, let them settle, and then identify the bottom layer as water

• Drop a piece of ice into the graduated cylinder, let the ice settle, and then identify the layer just above the ice as water

• Add water to the graduated cylinder, let the mixture settle, and then identify the layer that increases in volume as water

• Carefully pour each layer into separate plastic containers, place the containers in a freezer, and then identify the liquid that takes the longest to freeze as water

Woody plants have many different kinds of leaves. Some leaves have very smooth edges, while other leaves have jagged edges, as shown in the diagram. The characteristics of plant leaves vary with the climate in which the plant naturally grows. Some scientists discovered an area with many fossilized leaves of woody plants. The scientists used data from samples of 100 leaf fossils to compare the number with smooth-edged leaves and the number with jagged-edged leaves. The scientists concluded that the plants had grown in a hot climate. Which graph most likely represents the data from the investigation?

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The circuit does not work. Which procedure would most likely allow the bulbs to light?

• Open the switch and then connect the two wires that are attached to the wood block

• Switch the positions of the two wires that are connected to the battery and then open the switch

• Move the switch closer in the circuit to the battery

• Connect the two wires that are attached to the wood block

Aquatic plants have adaptations that help them live in water. For example, the structures needed for making food are located on the tops of floating plant leaves. This adaptation helps the plants...

• absorb sunlight

• stay anchored

• avoid predators

• capture fish

This simple diagram shows a system used to heat a house. Water is pumped from the house through a series of pipes underground, where the water is warmed. The warmed water returns to the house to supply heat on cold winter days. Which type of alternative energy resource is used to supply heat to the house?

• Biofuel

• Hydroelectric

• Geothermal

• Solar

The table lists the characteristics of four types of animals. What features do the ecosystems in which these animals live most likely have in common?

• Dry, rocky mountains

• Forests of pine trees

• Tall, spiny cacti

• Lakes and rivers