Chap. 11 Test Review

Name the Genetic Disorder: A dominant genetic disorder; affects the nervous system; first symptoms do not appear until between the ages of 30 - 50 years old, some symptoms include paranoia, hallucinations, and uncontrollable movements.

• Achondroplasia

• Albinism

• Huntington's Disease

• Tay-Sachs Disease

Answer explanation

Huntington's Disease is a dominant genetic disorder that typically manifests between ages 30-50, causing symptoms like paranoia, hallucinations, and uncontrollable movements, distinguishing it from the other options.

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Name the Genetic Disorder: Autosomal dominant genetic condition; affects height and body size; adult height is about 4 ft.

• Huntington's Disease

• Tay-Sach's Disease

• Turner Syndrome

• Achondroplasia

Answer explanation

Achondroplasia is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by dwarfism, resulting in an adult height of about 4 feet. The other options listed do not primarily affect height or body size.

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Name the Genetic Disorder: recessive genetic disorder; gene found on chromosome 15; characterized by lack of enzyme that breaks down fatty acids; predominant among Jews of eastern European descent

• Huntington's Disease

• Tay-Sach's Disease

• Sickle Cell Anemia

• Parkinson's Disease

Answer explanation

Tay-Sach's Disease is a recessive genetic disorder linked to chromosome 15, characterized by the absence of an enzyme that breaks down fatty acids. It is notably prevalent among Jews of eastern European descent.

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Which describes the 23 pairs of human chromosomes?

• 1 autosome pair; 22 sex chromosome pairs

• 2 sex chromosome pairs; 21 autosome pairs

• 2 autosome pairs; 21 sex chromosome pairs

• 1 sex chromosome pair; 22 autosome pairs

Answer explanation

Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes: 22 pairs are autosomes and 1 pair is sex chromosomes (XX or XY). Therefore, the correct description is 1 sex chromosome pair and 22 autosome pairs.

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TRUE or FALSE: There are four alleles for blood type, making blood type a good example of multiple alleles.

• True

• False

Answer explanation

False. There are actually three main alleles (A, B, O) for blood type, making it a classic example of multiple alleles, but not four. Thus, the statement is incorrect.

Name the Genetic Disorder: caused by altered genes; results in lack of skin pigment

• Albinism

• Cystic Fibrosis

• Hemophilia

• Achondrolasia

Answer explanation

Albinism is a genetic disorder caused by altered genes that lead to a lack of melanin, resulting in reduced skin pigment. The other options do not relate to skin pigmentation.

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When both alleles are expressed in the heterozygous condition

• Incomplete dominance

• Codominance

• Complete dominance

• Intolerance

Answer explanation

In codominance, both alleles in a heterozygous individual are fully expressed, resulting in a phenotype that displays characteristics of both alleles. This is different from incomplete dominance, where a blend occurs.

The following picture represents what pattern of inheritance?

• Complete dominance

• Incomplete dominance

• Co-dominance

• Sex-linked inheritance

Answer explanation

The picture illustrates incomplete dominance, where the phenotype of the offspring is a blend of the parents' traits, rather than one trait completely dominating the other. This results in a third phenotype.

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Name the Genetic Disorder: recessive genetic disorder; characterized by the body's inability to tolerate galactose

• Sickle Cell Anemia

• Parkinson's Disease

• Cystic Fibrosis

• Galactosemia

Answer explanation

Galactosemia is a recessive genetic disorder that results in the body's inability to metabolize galactose, a sugar found in milk. This distinguishes it from the other options listed, which are unrelated genetic conditions.

Name the Genetic Disorder: recessive genetic disorder; affects mucus-producing glands, digestive enzymes, sweat glands, and is most common among Caucasians

• Cystic Fibrosis

• Parkinson's Disease

• Achondroplasia

• Huntington's Disease

Answer explanation

Cystic Fibrosis is a recessive genetic disorder that primarily affects mucus-producing glands, digestive enzymes, and sweat glands. It is most prevalent among Caucasians, making it the correct answer.

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