1. Which of the following was NOT a common trait of early civilizations?

• Nomadism

• Monument building

• Urban life

• Formal state structures

• Writing

Where did the earliest civilizations tend to develop?

• Archipelagoes

• Grassland steppes

• River valleys

• Coastlines

• Mountain plateaus

Based on the preponderance of archaeological evidence, which region of the world saw the development of the earliest civilizations?

• North America

• The Middle East

• Indonesia

• South America

• Northern Eurasia

Which people are generally credited with founding Mesopotamian civilization in the Tigris-Euphrates river valley?

• Phoenicians

• Greeks

• Hittites

• Sumerians

• Akkadians

What conclusions can we draw about Babylonian society from the following excerpt from

Hammurabi's Code?

221. If a physician heals the broken bone or diseased soft part of a man, the patient shall pay the physician five shekels in money.

222. If he were a freed man he shall pay three shekels.

223. If he were a slave his owner shall pay the physician two shekels.

• Babylonian medical practice was informed by study of microscopic germs.

• Babylonian physicians attended formal medical school for many years of training similar to doctors

  today.

• Babylonian physicians healed most cases of broken bones in Mesopotamia.

• Babylonian doctors heeded the Hippocratic oath.

• Babylonian medical practice reflected prevailing patterns in social status.

Which of the following is NOT true of the ancient Egyptian pyramids?

• Were built under the influence of Chinese advisers

• Contained numerous hieroglyphic symbols

• Are reflective of advanced geometric knowledge

• Were built by slave and corvee labor

• Served as tombs for pharaohs

Which of the following early river valley civilizations developed in the greatest state of isolation from the others?

• Nile River

• Huang He (a.k.a. Yellow) River

• Indus River

• Euphrates River

• Tigris River

Which people are credited with developing the first phonetic alphabet?

• Koreans

• Chinese

• Phoenicians

• Sumerians

• Egyptians

Which choice best characterizes the relationship between early civilizations and writing?

• There is no important relationship between civilization and writing.

• No sophisticated civilization developed without a system of writing.

• Most civilizations developed without writing systems.

• Writing led to the development of civilization more than sedentary agriculture.

• Writing permitted record keeping for trade and governments.

Which of the following was true for ALL of the early agricultural systems?

• Abandonment of sedentary agriculture

• Primary reliance on pastoral forms of social organization

• Economic activity based on raising a combination of domesticated plants and draft animals

• Wheat and barley cultivation

• Domestication of perennial plants in each region