Quiz about Genes, Traits, and Heredity (and Reproduction)

Question 1

How does the number of chromosomes in gametes (sex cells) compare with the number of chromosomes in all other cells?

Accepted Answer

Gametes have 1/2 the number of chromosomes

Answer

Gametes have twice as many chromosomes

Answer

Gametes have 1/4 the number of chromosomes

Answer

Gametes have twice as many chromosomes

Question 2

One cat has a heterozygous genotype, black fur (Bb), and its mate has a homozygous genotype grey fur (bb). Use a Punnett square to determine the probability of one of their offspring having grey fur.

Accepted Answer

50%

Answer

100%

Answer

25%

Answer

75%

Question 3

What is formed as a result of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

two genetically identical cells

Answer

four genetically different cells

Answer

four genetically identical cells

Answer

two genetically different cells

Question 4

Which summarizes the genetic research completed by the Austrian monk Gregor Mendel?

Accepted Answer

Mendel hypothesized that the offspring of pea plant traits are inherited.

Answer

After years of research, Mendel identified the genes for flower colors.

Answer

Mendel bred various dog breeds to discover the science of genetics.

Answer

Using Punnett squares, Mendel developed the principles of genetics.

Question 5

Which is a tool that is used to predict genetic crosses?

Accepted Answer

a Punnett square

Answer

a slide rule

Answer

a tally sheet

Answer

a Venn diagram

Question 6

The observable expression of an allele pair is called the _________.

Accepted Answer

phenotype

Answer

recessive gene

Answer

genotype

Answer

monohybrid cross

Question 7

Meiosis produces _______ in gametes.

Accepted Answer

genetic variation

Answer

enzymes

Answer

zygotes

Answer

forty-six chromosomes

Question 8

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

Accepted Answer

23

Answer

14

Answer

It is unknown

Answer

It depends on the human

Question 9

What does the TT represent in this Punnett square?

Accepted Answer

a genotype consisting of two dominant alleles

Answer

a heterozygous trait

Answer

a single allele

Answer

a genotype consisting of two recessive alleles

Question 10

What is the name of a genotype that is represented by two capital letters? (for example, TT)

Accepted Answer

homozygous dominant

Answer

heterozygous

Answer

homozygous recessive

Answer

phenotype

Question 11

In individuals with a heterozygous genotype, the _________ allele of a trait is hidden (masked) by the expression of the other phenotype.

Accepted Answer

recessive

Answer

genotypes

Answer

trait

Answer

inherited

Question 12

In peas, both male and female sex cells, which are called __________, are in the same flower.

Accepted Answer

gametes

Answer

somatic cells

Answer

recessive

Answer

autosomal

Question 13

Mendel was the first person to succeed in predicting how traits are __________ from generation to generation.

Accepted Answer

inherited

Answer

trait

Answer

transformed

Answer

genotypically transmitted

Question 14

In plants tall is dominant (T) and short is recessive (t).

Complete the following Punnett Square for a cross between a homozygous dominant (TT) plant and a heterozygous plant (Tt). What percentage of the offspring would be tall?

Accepted Answer

100%

Answer

25%

Answer

50%

Answer

0%

Question 15

Male organisms have

Accepted Answer

one X and one Y chromoses

Answer

two X chromosomes

Answer

two Y chromosomes

Answer

three Y chromosomes

Question 16

Characteristics of an organism are called

Accepted Answer

traits

Answer

genes

Answer

chromosomes

Answer

DNA

Question 17

An organism with two like genes for a trait is said to be

Accepted Answer

homozygous

Answer

heterozygous

Answer

dominant

Answer

recessive

Question 18

A dominant gene usually shows itself over a:

Accepted Answer

recessive gene.

Answer

homozygous gene.

Answer

heterozygous gene.

Answer

sex-linked trait.

Question 19

An organism receives chromosomes from:

Accepted Answer

its parents.

Answer

the environment.

Answer

the atmosphere.

Answer

mutations.

Question 20

Inherited traits are controlled by:

Accepted Answer

genes.

Answer

cells.

Answer

cytoplasm.

Answer

cell division.

Question 21

Which characteristic is NOT an inherited trait?

Accepted Answer

D. personality

Answer

A. size

Answer

B. eye color

Answer

C. skin color

Question 22

What is phenotype?

Accepted Answer

the physical expression of genes

Answer

2 homozygous alleles

Answer

heterozygous alleles

Answer

how genes are passed from one generation to the next

Question 23

What is the notation for a homozygous recessive pair of alleles?

Accepted Answer

bb

Answer

Bb

Answer

BB

Answer

Hh

Question 24

Traits that are passed from parents to offspring come from...

Accepted Answer

genes

Answer

the environment

Answer

what's in the water

Answer

physical skill

Question 25

How do genes always appear?

Accepted Answer

in pairs

Answer

in cells

Answer

DNA

Answer

RNA

Question 26

A dominate gene is notated with...

Accepted Answer

capital letter

Answer

lower case letter

Answer

homozygous gene

Answer

chromosome

Question 27

In the above diagram, what is the genotype ratio?

Accepted Answer

1:2:1

Answer

2:2:0

Answer

0:4:0

Answer

3:0:1

Question 28

In the above diagram, H is tall and h is short. What percent of the offspring are tall?

Accepted Answer

75%

Answer

50%

Answer

25%

Answer

100%

Question 29

An Allele is...

Accepted Answer

one of the genes in a pair

Answer

a pair of genes

Answer

a dominant trait

Answer

a recessive trait

Question 30

When genetic pairs are notated with ALL upper case letters (HH), what is this known as?

Accepted Answer

homozygous dominant

Answer

heterozygous

Answer

homozygous recessive

Answer

homogeneous dominant

Question 31

A Genotype is...

Accepted Answer

the genetic makeup of an organism

Answer

how an organism expresses physical traits

Answer

the chromosomes of a nucleus

Answer

cellular reproduction

Question 32

When one allele completely masks another, which trait is expressed?

Accepted Answer

dominant trait

Answer

recessive trait

Answer

heterozygous trait

Answer

homozygous trait

Question 33

An organism that has two different alleles for a trait is said to be...

Accepted Answer

heterozygous

Answer

homozygous

Answer

heterogeneous

Answer

homogeneous

Question 34

If Y is a dominant allele for yellow in a plant and y is the recessive allele for green in a plant, what genotype would green offspring have?

Accepted Answer

yy

Answer

YY

Answer

Yy

Answer

yY

Question 35

If a puppy has 78 chromosomes, how many chromosomes did he receive from the female parent?

Accepted Answer

39

Answer

78

Answer

26

Answer

0

Question 36

What is found on chromosomes that produce inherited traits?

Accepted Answer

genes

Answer

protein

Answer

glucose

Answer

enzymes

Question 37

The gamete from each parent contributes how many of the chromosomes to offspring?

Accepted Answer

1/2

Answer

All

Answer

None

Answer

3/4

Question 38

Whenever a recessive trait does not appear in an organism, one can conclude that the gene pair is what?

Accepted Answer

heterozygous

Answer

homogeneous

Answer

homozygous

Answer

pure bred

Question 39

What organism typically has 46 chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

human

Answer

chimpanzee

Answer

elephant

Answer

cat

Question 40

Where in cells is genetic information found?

Accepted Answer

nucleus

Answer

mitochondria

Answer

cytoplasm

Answer

cell wall

Question 41

What shape does DNA form

Accepted Answer

double helix

Answer

circle

Answer

single strand

Answer

braided

Question 42

When parents of different colors produce offspring, with a color from each parent - what is this called?

Accepted Answer

codominance

Answer

incomplete dominance

Answer

dominant

Answer

recessive

Question 43

A gene is a . . .

Accepted Answer

section of DNA that codes for a specific trait

Answer

section of the cell that codes for a specific trait

Answer

different forms of the same trait

Answer

a trait

Question 44

An allele is a . . .

Accepted Answer

different form of the same gene

Answer

section of DNA that codes for a specific trait

Answer

section of the cell that codes for a specific trait

Answer

a trait

Question 45

When a starfish grows a new body off a broken arm, what kind of reproduction is this?

Accepted Answer

Asexual

Answer

Sexual

Answer

Differentiation

Answer

Specialization

Question 46

Where does an offspring get its traits in asexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

From only one parent

Answer

From both parents

Answer

From neither parent

Answer

There are no traits handed down

Question 47

Sexual reproduction requires _____ parents and asexual reproduction requires ___ parents

Accepted Answer

2,1

Answer

1,1

Answer

2,2

Answer

1,2

Question 48

DNA is found in ALL cells.

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 49

Eye color, hair color, having freckles, etc. are examples of:

Accepted Answer

Traits

Answer

DNA

Answer

Chromosomes

Answer

Genes

Question 50

Every cell in your body other than sex cells has ____ chromosomes

Accepted Answer

46

Answer

23

Answer

48

Question 51

Sex cells have ____ chromosomes

Accepted Answer

23

Answer

46

Answer

48

Question 52

Mutations can benefit humans because they can:

Accepted Answer

Make an organism more suited to live in its environment.

Answer

Cause illness

Answer

Make organisms live shorter lives

Answer

Cause organisms to grow extra limbs.

Question 53

A mutation is defined as:

Accepted Answer

A change in the DNA sequence

Answer

A change in the cell's structure

Answer

Anything that changes in an embryo

Answer

Any change in the physical features of a human

Question 54

The cells produced via meiosis are called:

Accepted Answer

sex cells

Answer

somatic cells

Answer

body cells

Answer

skin cells

Question 55

Why do we need meiosis?

Accepted Answer

To halve the number of chromosomes going into sex cells

Answer

To double the number of chromosomes going into sex cells

Answer

To triple the number of chromosomes going into sex cells

Answer

To not change the number of chromosomes going into sex cells

Question 56

What is an inherited trait

Accepted Answer

a characteristic passed on from parents to offspring

Answer

a dominant trait

Answer

a trait

Answer

a learned behavior

Question 57

The genotype "TT" is ___

Accepted Answer

Homozygous

Answer

Heterozygous

Question 58

The physical appearance of a gene:

Accepted Answer

Phenotype

Answer

Genotype

Answer

Heredity

Answer

Allele

Question 59

G = green, g = yellow
The genotype for a yellow plant is...

Accepted Answer

gg

Answer

GG

Answer

Gg

Answer

all of the choices result in yellow

Question 60

The genotype "Tt" is ___

Accepted Answer

Heterozygous

Answer

Homozygous

Question 61

In a heterozygous genotype, the ___________ allele takes over in the phenotype.

Accepted Answer

dominant

Answer

recessive

Answer

lower case letter

Answer

both

Question 62

How many alleles (letters) do each person carry for a trait?

Accepted Answer

2

Answer

1

Answer

3

Answer

4

Question 63

Which of the following is a phenotype?

Accepted Answer

red hair

Answer

Aa

Answer

heterozygous

Answer

DNA

Question 64

Which of the following genotypes is heterozygous?

Accepted Answer

Bb

Answer

BB

Answer

bb

Answer

B

Genes, Traits, and Heredity (and Reproduction)

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