Ap Biology Final Review- Released Questions 2013 final

If ATP breakdown(hydrolysis) is inhibited, which of the following types of movement across the cell membrane is also inhibited?

• Movement of oxygen into a cell

• Movement of water through aquaporins

• Passage of a solute against its concentration gradient

• Facilitated Diffusion of a permeable substance

Which of the following questions is most relevant to understanding the Calvin Cycle?

• How does chlorophyll capture light?

• How is APT used in the formation of 3-carbon carbohydrates?

• How is NADP+ reduced to NADPH?

• How is ATP produced in chemiosmosis?

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NGSS.HS-LS1-6

In 1944 Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty preformed transformation experiments using live, harmless bacteria and extracts from virulent bacteria treated with various enzymes. Which of the following enzymes were used and why?

• Proteases and RNases to rule out protein and RNA as the transforming factors

• Lipase( an enzyme that facilitates the breakdown of lipids) to rule out lipoproteins as the transforming factor

• Kinase( an enzyme that facilitates the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to a substrate molecule) to show that the transformation is phosphorylation dependent

• ATPase to show that transformation is not dependent on ATP

The vertebrae forelimb initially develops in the embryo as a solid mass of tissue. As development progresses, the solid mass near the end of the forelimb is remolded into individual digits. Which of the following best explains the role of apoptosis in the remodeling of the forelimb?

• Apoptosis replaces odd cells with new ones that are less likely to develop mutations

• Apoptosis involves the regulated activation of proteins in specific cells of the developing forelimb that leads to the death of those cells

• Apoptosis involves the destruction of extra cells in the developing forelimb, which provides nutrients for the phagocytic cells

• Apoptosis in the developing forelimb triggers the differentiation of cells whose fate was not already determined

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NGSS.HS-LS1-4

The process illustrated in these models all result in which of the following?

• Transcription

• An increase in genetic variation

• An increase in the chromosome number

• Horizontal gene transfer

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

Scientist have found that the existing populations of a certain species of amphibian are small in number, lacking in genetic diversity, and separated from each other by wide areas of dry land. Which of the following human actions is most likely to improve the long-term survival of the amphibians?

• Cloning the largest individuals to counteract the effects of aggressive predation

• Reducing the population size to one-fifth to decrease competition for limited resources

• Constructing a dam and irrigation system to control flooding

• Building ponds in the areas of dry land to promote interbreeding between the separated populations

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NGSS.HS-LS2-7

A new mutation that arose in one copy of gene X in a somatic cell resulted in the formation of a tumor. Which of the following pieces of evidence best describes how the new mutation directly caused the tumor?

• Protein X normally stimulates cell division, and the mutation created an overactive version of protein X

• Protein X normally prevents passage through the cell cycle, and the mutation created an overactive version of protein X

• Protein X normally activates a growth hormone receptor, and the mutation decreased the stability of protein X

• Protein X normally regulates gene expression, and the mutation crated an under active version of protein X that blocked the cell cycle

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Which of the following statements is most consistent with the phylogenic tree shown?

• Birds and turtles have evolved their own means of gas exchange independently of the other vertebraes

• Animals are most closely related to birds because they share a direct common ancestor

• The common ancestor of reptiles, birds and mammals produced amniotic eggs

• Crocodiles are direct decedents of ray-finned fishes since they live in the same environment

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NGSS.HS-LS4-1

Which of the following is supported by the data?

• The alleles for gray body and long wings are dominant

• The alleles for gray body and long wings are recessive

• Genes for the two traits are located on two different chromosomes, and independent assortment occured

• Genes for the two traits are located close together on the same chromosome, and crossing over occurred between the two gene loci

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

The diagram above depicts the response to a pinprick (stimulus) on the tip of a human finger. The arrows show the direction of impulse transmission long the labeled axons. If axon II was damaged before the pinprick. Which of the following is most likely?

• The person will not feel the pinprick

• The person can no longer feel pain

• The persons finger will not withdraw reflexively

• The person cannot transmit nerve impulses to the brain