7-2.3: The Enlightenment

With which idea would an Enlightenment philosopher most likely agree?

• The right to rule comes from God.

• The right to rule comes from the people.

• A strong military is needed to keep people in line.

• Tradition and custom should guide decisions made by government.

Philosophers during the Enlightenment period focused on which idea?

• changing the relationship between the government and the people

• supporting the kings and queens in any way necessary

• accepting the Catholic Church as the supreme authority over individuals

• spreading the beliefs of Christianity throughout Europe

Why were Enlightenment views of the 18th century (1700s) considered radical at the time?

• Enlightenment thinkers taught that women and men were equal.

• Enlightenment thinkers taught that the king should never be questioned.

• Enlightenment thinkers challenged absolute monarchy.

• Enlightenment thinkers encouraged Christians to convert to Islam or Judaism.

Which Enlightenment thinker challenged absolutism by arguing that all humans were born with natural rights to life, liberty and property?

• Thomas Hobbes

• John Locke

• Voltaire

• Baron de Montesquieu

How did the ideas of John Locke challenge absolute monarchy and influence the development of limited government?

• He argued that the practice of mercantilism weakened governments.

• He argued that the people could not give consent to the government to rule over them.

• He claimed that the government's job was to protect the rights of the people.

• He claimed that religion supported absolute monarchy.

According to Jean-Jacques Rousseau, what was the main purpose of government?

• to increase the wealth of the nation

• to protect the general will of the people

• to promote religious purity

• to control the public

Jean-Jacques Rousseau and John Locke supported which idea about society?

• Feudalism is the ideal social and political structure.

• The solar system is based on the geocentric model.

• Kings and queens should govern by divine right.

• People should have a say in who rules over them.

How did Baron de Montesquieu change the structure of governments in Europe?

• He promoted the concept of separation of powers.

• He developed the idea of natural rights.

• He provided proof for the theory of divine right.

• He convinced governments to abandon their colonies.

"When the legislative and executive powers are united in the same person or the same body of politicians, there can be no liberty." Which Enlightenment philosopher most likely said this quote?

• Voltaire

• John Locke

• Jean-Jacques Rousseau

• Baron de Montesquieu

Which Enlightenment thinker best matches these philosophies and actions?

• Galileo

• Montesquieu

• Rousseau

• Voltaire