ECOLOGY REVIEW PART 2

A lichen is composed of two organisms, a fungus and a cyanobacterium. The fungus provides a growing surface, moisture, and nutrients to the cyanobacterium. The cyanobacterium provides food to the fungus. The relationship is considered to be an example of which of the following?

• Commensalism

• Mutualism

• neutralism

• parasitism

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-2

Cattle egrets forage (feed) in fields among cattle. The egret gets easy access to flying insects stirred up by the cattle, and the cattle don't care if they are there or not.

• mutualism
• commensalism
• competition
• parasitism

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-1

NGSS.MS-LS2-2

A student performed an investigation in which two ivy plants were planted in two separate containers. One of the containers had earthworms mixed in with the soil, and the other container had soil and no earthworms. The plants were given the same amount of water and exposed to the same amount of sunlight. The student observed that after several weeks of growth, the plant exposed to earthworms appeared to be healthier and exhibited more growth. To conclude that the relationship between the plant and the earthworm is an example of mutualism, the student must perform follow-up investigations that do which of the following?

• Determine whether the earthworms damage the soil in any way

• Determine whether the water given to the plant is unpolluted

• Determine whether the earthworms benefit from being with the plant

• Determine whether the other plant in the investigation suffers as a result of not being exposed to earthworms

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-1

NGSS.MS-LS2-2

NGSS.MS-LS2-4

Some relationships between different organisms are shown in the table.

Which table correctly identifies each type of interaction described?

• 
• 
• 
• 

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-2

Parrotfish are herbivores that are found in coral reefs. To escape predation, a parrotfish will graze with a rabbitfish, which has venomous spines at the end of its pelvic fins. The rabbitfish does not benefit from this relationship. Which type of relationship do the parrotfish and the rabbitfish have in the coral-reef environment?

• commensalism

• mutualism

• predator-prey

• parasitic

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-2

In any environment or ecosystem, organisms can have several different types of relationships. Three types of relationships are described below.

Which of these correctly describes the relationships between the organisms?

• X: mutualism Y: parasitism Z: commensalism

• X: commensalism Y: mutualism Z: parasitism

• X: parasitism Y: commensalism Z: mutualism

• X: commensalism Y: parasitism Z: mutualism

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-2

What type of symbiosis?  Hummingbirds feed on nectar from flowers.  The flowers are pollinated by hummingbirds as they move from flower to flower.

• commensalism
• mutualism
• parasitism
• predation

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-2

A cuckoo may lay its eggs in a warbler’s nest. The cuckoo’s young will knock the warbler’s eggs out of a nest and the warbler will raise the cuckoo’s young.

• parasitism

• commensalism

• mutualism

• neutralism

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-4

NGSS.MS-LS2-2

What type of symbiosis?  Skunks often live in burrows that have been dug and abandoned by woodchucks.  

• commensalism
• mutualism
• parasitism
• predation

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-2

Ants and acacia trees have a mutualistic relationship. The plant provides the ants with a nest and food. The ants defend the plant from predators. Which statement below explains this relationship?

• They are part of the same ecosystem.

• The acacia tree does not benefit from the ant.

• The ants harm the acacia tree

• They both benefit from living with each other.