Biology Tek 5A & 5B

During the formation of a sperm or egg cell, a chemical compound called acetyl prevents the chromosomes from separating. Which process is disrupted by this compound

• Mitosis

• Osmosis

• Meiosis

• Cytokinesis

Which sequence describes the formation of a gamete?

• transcription → replication → translation

• replication → cell division I → cell division II

• mitosis → cell division I → translation

• cell division I → cell division II → transcription

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Checkpoints occur between the stages of the cell cycle. If a cell does not meet certain criteria at the end of a stage, it will not move to the next stage.

Which of these occurs just before the cell enters the G2 stage of the cell cycle?

• The nuclear membrane disintegrates

• DNA replicates

• Centrioles form

• The nucleolus divides.

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Cells pass through a checkpoint before entering mitosis. Ideally, if DNA damage is 2 detected, the cells do not enter mitosis until the damage is repaired. Why is DNA damage repaired before cells enter mitosis?

• So that another round of DNA synthesis does not have to take place

• So that the chromosomes can align at the metaphase plate during mitosis

• So that the cytoplasm can be divided equally between the two daughter cells

• So that healthy daughter cells are produced, allowing the organism to continue growing

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The picture shows a nuclear process.

What is the nuclear process shown that occurs during mitosis?

• Recombination

• Fertilization

• Mutation

• Replication

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The illustration below represents two specialized cells called gametes. Gametes are produced by the human male reproductive system.

Which of the following statements is correct?

• Gametes are produced by mitosis.

• Gametes are not sex cells.

• Gametes are involved in transporting only RNA.

• Gametes are involved in transporting DNA.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Cell differentiation is critical during embryonic development. The process of cell differentiation results in the production of many types of cells, including germ, somatic, and stem cells. Cell differentiation is most directly regulated by —

• ATP

• DNA

• lipids

• sugars

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Which description best explains the role of DNA in the differentiation of the cells within an organism?

• Each cell has a different set of DNA that determines the traits of the cell and causes differentiation.

• Each cell has the same DNA, so DNA does not play a role in differentiation.

• Cells do not use the same sections of DNA in the same proportions, at the same time in development, which leads to differentiation.

• DNA mutates differently in each cell depending on the environment causing each cell to differentiate over time.

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What molecule is responsible for providing information to the ribosomes where proteins are built?

• DNA, since it contains the genetic information to build proteins

• mRNA, since it carries information from the nucleus to the ribosome

• Amino acids, since they are bonded together to form a protein

• tRNA, since it is responsible for transporting amino acids to the ribosome

During reproduction, a sperm cell fertilizes an egg cell. The newly formed embryo then undergoes mitosis as it develops. The cells of the organism differentiate in order to perform different functions for the organism.

The reason different cells perform different functions is that they ―

• contain different types of DNA

• have different genes activated

• utilize different RNA to make protein

• need different kinds of energy to function

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