Chapters 16-20 Test Review

Mrs. Jorgensen keeps a flock of chickens in her backyard. One of the roosters is the result of selective breeding by Mrs. Jorgensen. The rooster is especially tall and muscular, and it has especially thick and colorful feathers.

Which event involving the rooster's parents is MOST LIKELY to have occurred?

• Mrs. Jorgensen selected a high-energy, protein-rich food to feed the chickens.

• Mrs. Jorgensen allowed the rooster's male parent to select the female parent.

• Mrs. Jorgensen removed all but one egg from the clutch that produced the rooster.

• Mrs. Jorgensen selected both of the rooster's parents, based on their body traits.

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Gaia is a prized dairy cow that produces a very large volume of milk. An animal breeder is debating whether to produce clones of Gaia. If the cloning process is successful, which outcome is MOST likely?

• All of the clones have the same gene-controlled traits as Gaia.

• The genes of the clones allow them to produce more milk than Gaia could ever produce.

• The clones are genetically identical with one another, but not with Gaia.

• The clones are genetically similar with one another and with Gaia, but are not identical.

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A forensics expert has obtained a sample of human blood from a crime scene. How can DNA fingerprinting be useful for identifying the person who left the blood at the crime scene?

• by identifying the sequence of nucleotides in the DNA of blood cells

• by comparing DNA from the blood cells with DNA from suspects

• by identifying certain genetically controlled traits of suspects, such as eye shape and blood type

• by comparing karyotypes made from blood cells at the crime scene and blood cells from the suspect

The CRISPR system allows biologists to alter the nucleotide sequence of specific genes. Which of these tasks could theoretically be achieved by applying the CRISPR system instead of other techniques of genetic engineering.

• transferring a functional gene from one organism to another

• deactivating a disease-causing gene

• replacing a defective gene with a normal gene

• determining whether two DNA samples came from the same source

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John states the following claim. "Biogeography provides evidence for the theory of evolution."

To support this claim, which evidence would be MOST useful for John to cite?

• A sequence of fossils shows that horses became smaller over time.

• Polar bears and grizzly bears are similar in many ways, but are adapted to live in different regions.

• Farm crops developed in Asia are now raised successfully in regions all over the world.

• Fossils of plants and animals have been found on Antarctica, which now is covered in ice.

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The wing of a bird and the front limb of a mammal have a similar number and arrangement of bones. Which evolutionary relationship explains these similarities?

• The wing and front limb are homologous structures; each evolved from a common ancestor.

• The wing and front limb are analogous structures; each evolved from a common ancestor.

• The wing and front limb are analogous structures; each evolved independently.

• The wing and front limb are vestigial structures, one evolved from the other.

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A scientist suggests that the first finch species to arrive on the Galapagos Islands was an insect-eating finch, similar to the modern warbler finch (Certhidea olivacea). If the scientist's suggestion is correct, then how many of the four finch species could have evolved from the first finch species?

• Only 2 species

• 3 of the 4 species

• only 1 species

• all 4 species

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Western and Eastern meadowlarks look very similar and it is difficult to tell them apart, until they sing. Their mating songs are quite different. The Western meadowlark has a melodious song, whereas the song of the Eastern meadowlark sounds more like a whistle. Even though their ranges overlap in the central United States, they do not interbreed and are considered two different species. How could speciation MOST LIKELY have occurred in these two species of meadowlarks?

• Reproductive isolation occurred through behavioral isolation.

• Reproductive isolation occurred through temporal isolation.

• Populations were separated through geographical isolation.

• Populations were separated through competition.

In the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, about 13 species of fireflies each use light flashes for males and females to recognize each other. The timing and pattern of these flashes is unique for each species. Another group of fireflies does not flash at all and actively mates during the day rather than at night. This group includes six species. Select two modes of isolation observed in related firefly species:

• temporal isolation--the species remain separated because the period of most active mating differs

• geographical isolation--the species remain separate because they have different breeding sites

• behavioral isolation--each species exhibits a unique flash pattern that allows males and females to recognize each other

• reproductive isolation--fireflies from different species will not mate with each other because they use different chemical signals

From the 1700's to the present, scientists have revised the Linnaean classification scheme many times. Which are the two most significant reasons for these revisions? (select 2 options)

• to correct errors or faulty observations that Linnaeus recorded

• to eliminate Linnaeus's idea of a two-part name for each species

• to incorporate microscopic organisms into the classification scheme

• to group organisms according to evolutionary relationships

• to establish the taxon of a kingdom for grouping related organisms