The Movement Begins

What is "de facto segregation"?

• segregation by tradition and custom (not by law)

• state-legislated segregation

• segregation in the school system

• military segregation

What event in 1955 sparked the long legal battle to desegregate the country?

• Thurgood Marshall became the first African American justice on the Supreme Court.

• An African American woman refused to give up her seat to a white man on a bus.

• Martin Luther King, Jr., and supporters marched on Montgomery, Alabama.

• The Supreme Court handed down the verdict in Plessy v. Ferguson.

What strategy did the leaders of CORE use in Northern cities to shame restaurants into serving African American customers?

• political pressure

• protests

• sit-ins

• lawsuits

What was the Supreme Court's ruling in the case of Brown v. Board of Education?

• that African American students are allowed to attend white schools but would remain in separate classrooms

• that students cannot be bused from their hometown to another school because of segregation

• that "separate but equal" facilities were allowed to segregate African Americans

• that the segregation of public schools is unconstitutional

How did the Brown v. Board of Education decision help the civil rights movement?

• It led to the overturning of many public segregation laws.

• It caused Southern leaders to reevaluate their position on civil rights.

• It resulted in the appointment of the first African American Supreme Court justice.

• It led to the formation of the NAACP.

What was one failing of the Brown v. Board of Education ruling?

• It required states to determine the best way to handle desegregation on their own.

• It failed to set a timetable for desegregation, allowing school districts to continue the practice for years.

• It failed to clearly explain why segregation of schools was inconsistent with constitutional principles.

• It required schools to adopt their own testing laws to help prevent African Americans from attending white schools.

Why did Martin Luther King, Jr., advocate nonviolent passive resistance as a primary means of achieving civil rights?

• Whites were responding to African American protests with violence.

• Other civil rights leaders advised him to use this strategy.

• He believed it was moral and would also win the hearts of whites.

• He was afraid that confrontation would cost the movement followers.

What civil rights passive resistance protest proved effective and helped give the movement momentum?

• the Montgomery Bus Boycott

• the march on Washington, D.C.

• the response to Brown v. Board of Education

• the black power movement

How did President Eisenhower respond to the Arkansas governor's use of troops to prevent integration?

• He gave a public address appealing to Southerners to obey the new laws.

• He allowed the governor to prevent desegregation.

• He had the attorney general file suit in the Supreme Court.

• He sent in the military to protect African American rights.

How did President Eisenhower respond politically to the civil rights debate?

• He created a new federal court that would only hear civil rights cases.

• He introduced a civil rights bill to Congress.

• He tried to influence African Americans to vote Republican.

• He convened a commission of African American leaders.