11.B Quiz #2

During ecological succession, how does the growth of young hardwoods affect the organisms living in an ecosystem?

• Grasses and low shrubs are unable to obtain the amount of light they need to survive, so there are small numbers of them.

• The trees provide shelter and food for a variety of mammals, insects, and birds.

• In autumn, falling leaves provide a source of energy for decomposers such as fungi.

• All of These

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-1

NGSS.MS-LS2-4

Which statement best describes the differences in species diversity between an ecosystem beginning the process of primary succession and one beginning the process of secondary succession?

• Species diversity is much greater in the ecosystem undergoing primary succession because that ecosystem is experiencing a longer period with a lack of competition for space.

• No differences in species diversity exist because both ecosystems initially lack living organisms.

• Species diversity is much greater in the ecosystem undergoing primary succession because the lack of soil provides a greater area for organisms to claim niches.

• Species diversity is greater in the ecosystem undergoing secondary succession because the soil already contains seeds and spores of various species.

Hydrothermal vents form deep in the ocean when iron-rich magma is released from openings on the seafloor. These vents spew extremely hot water (400°C) mixed with methane and sulfur. Bacteria that thrive in this hostile environment form the base of a food chain that leads to colonization by tube worms, mussels, and many other life-forms. When a hydrothermal vent becomes inactive and cold, the bacterial community that lives in the hot fluid methane and sulfur dies out. Which organisms most likely succeed the original community in this ecosystem?

• Cold-tolerant bacteria that feed on sulfur and iron in the vents

• Giant kelp that use sulfur in photosynthesis

• Fish that do not need oxygen for cellular respiration

• Ocean mammals that tolerate cold and act as top predators in the food chain

The graph below shows the changes in the number of species in an ecosystem. Which event was most likely the cause of the changes in species diversity in this ecosystem?

• A large volcanic eruption

• A flash flood

• A small tornado

• A migration of locusts

Enchanted Rock State Natural Area is located in Central Texas. Enchanted Rock is a dome of granite. The area contains four easily identifiable communities. The table describes characteristics of each type of community in the area.

A student studying primary succession should focus on which of these communities?

• Open oak woodland

• Mesquite grassland

• Floodplain

• Granite rock

An estuary collects sediments from the ocean and rivers that feed into it. The sediments swirl around and then settle to form a mudflat. Eel grass is then established on the mudflat. The ecosystem changes over time and ultimately develops into a salt marsh that contains mangrove trees.

Which of the following is likely NOT involved in this example of ecological succession?

• The rotting remains of plants add to the fertility of the soil.

• The soil becomes so fertile that eel grass is replaced by other plant species

• The roots from plants help stabilize the sediment, keeping it in place.

• The concentration of salt becomes so high that all plant life is destroyed.

After a volcanic eruption, lava covers the land. What is the order that plants grow to repopulate the area?

• Lichens → Shrubs → Grasses → Trees
• Lichens → tree → shrubs→Grasses
• Grasses → Lichens → Shrubs → Trees
• Lichens → Grasses → Shrubs → Trees

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-4

Succession that occurs in an area with NO SOIL

• ecological succession 
• primary succession 
• secondary succession
• pioneer speciles

Natural disasters such as flooding and tornadoes are linked to ________________.

• primary
• secondary
• old field
• ecosystem

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-5

NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

NGSS.MS-ESS3-2

What is the difference between primary and secondary succession?

• Primary succession already has soil.
• Primary has soil and secondary does not
• soil is present in both
• primary has no soil and secondary has soil