World History Topic 10.5

The discoveries of astronomers like Copernicus and Galileo

• established that the universe was sun-centered, or heliocentric.

• reinforced most of the traditional teachings of philosophers and the Church.

• were supported by most scientists of the time.

• proved that ancient philosophers, like Ptolemy, were correct in their views of how the universe works.

Why is it important that the scientific method is a structured step-by-step process?

• It ensures that all scientists start with a hypothesis.

• It ensures that observations and discoveries are the result of steps that can be repeated.

• It makes it harder to duplicate the final result.

• It makes it possible for the hypothesis to always be proven correct.

Why was the work of Andreas Vesalius so important to medicine?

• His development of a more powerful microscope allowed scientists to see microorganisms for the first time.

• His studies of the human circulatory system correctly identified the heart as a pump that pushed blood through the human body.

• His work with ointments to prevent infection led the way for later discoveries in disease prevention.

• His book accurately describing human anatomy helped other medical scientists' research and discoveries.

Isaac Newton's contributions to science are sometimes referred to as the "Newtonian Revolution" because he

• was directly responsible for advances in all the fields of science of his time.

• totally disproved the traditional Ptolemaic belief that the sun and planets revolved around Earth.

• combined physics, mathematics, and astronomy to explain why the planets moved as they did.

• developed the laws of geometry that are still used today.

What characteristic was shared by all the important scientists of the Scientific Revolution?

• The belief that the ancient philosophers were correct in their original observations of the laws of nature.

• The belief that traditional methods of inquiry and discovery were correct, but needed greater accuracy.

• The importance of challenging authority at all times in the pursuit of truth.

• Truth is only achievable through a process of inquiry and observation.