IB Biology Review

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NGSS.HS-LS1-4

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The image shows an electron micrograph of mesophyll cells. What is the name of the structure labelled X?

• cytoplasm

• mitochondrion

• nucleus

• chloroplast

The image shows an electron micrograph of pancreatic exocrine cells. What is the role of the vesicles shown in the micrograph?

• To transport hormones between the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus

• To store glycogen when blood glucose levels are high

• To move enzymes out of the cell by exocytosis

• To digest cellulose

What is evidence for the endosymbiotic theory?

• RNA can catalyze metabolic reactions.

• Meteorites contain organic molecules.

• Amino acids can be synthesized from inorganic compounds.

• Mitochondria possess their own DNA.

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What is the process shown in this image?

• Binary fission of a prokaryotic cell

• Telophase in a eukaryotic cell

• End of mitosis in a prokaryotic cell

• Cytokinesis of a eukaryotic cell

What distinguishes prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?

• prokaryotic cells: cell wall

  eukaryotic cells: plasma membrane

• prokaryotic cells: cell structure not compartmentalized

  eukaryotic cells: cell structure compartmentalized

• prokaryotic cells: smooth endoplasmic reticulum

  eukaryotic cells: rough endoplasmic reticulum

• prokaryotic cells: no ribosomes

  eukaryotic cells: ribosomes present

What structures are found in eukaryotes but not in prokaryotes?

• naked DNA and mitochondria
• Golgi apparatus and 70S ribosomes
• 70S ribosomes and nuclear membrane
• mitochondria and nuclear membrane

What is happening at the structure labelled X?

• Synthesis of proteins
• Transport of proteins to the nucleus
• Modification of proteins prior to export
• Secretion of proteins through the plasma membrane

Cyclins were discovered by Timothy R Hunt in 1982 while studying sea urchins. What is a function of cyclins?

• Circulation of seawater for gas exchange
• Rotation of flagella
• Control of the cell cycle
• Recycling of nutrients

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