Quarter 3 Review

Where did the oxygen that was present in early Earth’s atmosphere primarily come from?

• The eruption of volcanoes

• The breakdown of ozone

• The photosynthesis of green plants

• The photosynthesis of cyanobacteria

he Miller-Urey experiment of 1953 was designed to test the hypothesis that lightning supplied the energy needed to turn atmospheric gases into organic molecules such as amino acids. Which of the following describes why the Miller-Urey theory is widely accepted today?

• Amino acids spontaneously form from molecules in the atmosphere today.

• Organic molecules are present today in extremely high concentrations.

• The process of synthesizing organic molecules from a mixture of gases has been successfully modeled in the laboratory.

• No other alternative hypotheses have been introduced.

Which types of organisms developed first due to the early environmental conditions on Earth?

• prokaryotic and aerobic

• prokaryotic and anaerobic

• eukaryotic and aerobic

• eukaryotic and anaerobic

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According to the Theory of Evolution when a population of a certain species is separated and moved to separate environments, the two species must adapt or evolve to live in their new environments. This evolution may lead to two entirely different species. The example of evidence for this is:

• Comparative Biochemistry

• Comparative Embryology

• Geographical Distribution

• Fossil Record

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The diagram below shows the skeletal forearms of different species. Although the structures are different what evidence of evolution is depicted?

• Analogous structures

• Homologous structures

• Vestigial structures

• Convergent evolution

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The endosymbiotic theory proposes that eukaryotic cells arose from living communities formed by the merging of prokaryotic organisms and their hosts.

Which of the following is the best evidence to support the endosymbiotic theory?

• Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain DNA similar to bacterial DNA

• Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms require oxygen in order to use energy

• Bacteria, mitochondria, and chloroplasts all divide by mitosis, while the cells containing them divide by binary fission

• Bacteria and mitochondria contain many features that are similar to each other but different from those of chloroplasts

The diagram below shows a proposed theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells, called endosymbiosis.

Which of the following explains why cells that contained mitochondria-like organelles had an evolutionary advantage?

• They were able to photosynthesize

• They had more DNA

• They were able to make more use of available energy

• They were immune to bacterial invasion

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Scientists are studying the evolutionary history of a group of plants in the United States, and they developed an evolutionary tree, as shown below

Which statement can be inferred from the evolutionary tree?

• Species 1 is most closely related to Species 8

• Species 2 is most closely related to Species 3

• Species 3 is most closely related to Species 7

• Species 5 is most closely related to Species 6

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Scientists have found evidence that about 2.4 million years ago a gene regulating jaw muscles mutated and may have led to the more graceful human jaw we see today. The diagram below shows the skulls of 3 hominid species.

Which statement below most closely explains the link between jaw size and hominid evolution?

• The jaws of hominids evolved to be smaller and less protruding over time

• The jaws of hominids evolved to be larger and more protruding over time

• There appears to be no change in the jaws of hominids over time

• The jaws of hominids changed over time due to a change in brain size

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Scientists look at evidence to determine possible evolutionary relationships and mechanisms. Which of the following provides strong evidence for evolution?

• The fossil record

• Forensic biology

• Phylogenetic trees

• Works of philosophy

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