U.S. History Topic 9.1

How did Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus's actions in the Little Rock crisis provoke a political conflict between state and federal governments?

• He encouraged people to boycott the Montgomery bus system in Alabama, which was a state beyond his jurisdiction.

• He criticized the policies of the Eisenhower Administration for condoning racism.

• He resisted the Supreme Court's Brown decision to desegregate, which forced President Eisenhower to send federal troops.

Why was the Civil Rights Act of 1957 significant?

• It minimized the Attorney General's influence in civil rights cases.

• It mandated the desegregation of all public schools.

• It forced states to repeal laws that restricted voting rights.

• It prohibited states from forcefully stopping nonviolent demonstrations.

How did Rosa Parks's actions redirect the tactics of the civil rights movement?

• They encouraged violent protests in the South.

• They inspired a mass movement of direct action to create political change.

• They showed that individual acts of protest could attract the attention of the media.

• They revealed that the integration of transportation was the movement's main goal.

How did the Hernandez v. Texas case affect the civil rights of Mexican Americans?

• It meant that they were no longer excluded from jury duty in court cases.

• It ended the practice of forcing Mexican Americans to attend segregated schools.

• It meant that they could participate more fully in the justice system.

• It showed that Mexican Americans could win a Supreme Court case.

Thurgood Marshall changed the course of American history because he

• showed that the "separate but equal" principle was unconstitutional.

• became a respected and influential Justice on the Supreme Court.

• headed the NAACP legal team in the 1940s.

• won a civil rights case against a law school in Texas.