Genetics Exam Review 3

A student performed a gel electrophoresis experiment. The results are represented in the diagram below. Compared to the fragments at the top of the gel, the fragments at the lower end are

• larger, and move slower

• larger, and move faster

• smaller, and move faster

• smaller, and move slower

The diagram below represents a technique currently used by scientists in the field of biotechnology. Which statement describes a possible outcome of this technique?

• The bacterium is able to produce a human hormone.

• It allows the bacterium to grow in humans, since it contains a human gene.

• It allows humans to become immune to an infection from this type of bacteria.

• The bacterium can now produce human cells identical to cells of the DNA donor.

A garlic bulb consisting of several smaller sections called cloves is shown. If cloves are separated from the bulb and later planted in a garden, a new garlic bulb will grow from each. In this way, a home gardener could grow a whole crop of genetically identical garlic plants starting with one bulb. As a result of this procedure, the gardener would

• soon have several varieties of garlic growing in his garden

• need to buy new garlic cloves each year in order to keep growing garlic

• have to fertilize the female garlic plants each year so the garlic plants could produce their own cloves

• need to be aware that if any of his garlic plants became diseased, it could very likely infect the whole crop

A rich variety of genetic material in an ecosystem will

• reduce the biodiversity of the ecosystem

• decrease the carrying capacity of the ecosystem

• reduce the likelihood of future medical discoveries

• increase the chances that some organisms will survive change

The flounder is a species of fish that can live in very cold water. The fish produces an "antifreeze" protein that prevents ice crystals from forming in its blood. The DNA for this protein has been identified. An enzyme is used to cut and remove this section of flounder DNA that is then spliced into the DNA of a strawberry plant. As a result, the plant can now produce a protein that makes it more resistant to the damaging effects of frost. This process is known as

• sorting of genes

• genetic engineering

• recombination of chromosomes

• mutation by deletion of genetic material

Which statement would most likely be used to describe the procedure represented in the diagram below?

• Enzymes are used to assemble an insulin gene, which is then attached to bacterial DNA.

• Bacterial DNA is cut from a human DNA strand and inserted into a human cell to form an insulin gene.

• The insulin gene is cut out of a human DNA strand using an enzyme and inserted into bacterial DNA, resulting in a combination of different DNA segments.

• A gene is deleted from bacterial DNA to produce an insulin gene, which is then inserted into human DNA.

The organic compound used to cut the bacterial DNA so that the human DNA could be inserted is a

• molecular base

• carbohydrate

• specific enzyme

• hormone

The arrows in the diagram below indicate the development of four different varieties of vegetable plants from wild mustard. Each of these varieties was most likely produced as a result of

• asexual reproduction in the wild for many years

• changes in light availability

• competition between plants

• selective breeding over many generations

What is the bond labeled 5 known as?

• a peptide bond

• a hydrogen bond

• an ionic bond

• a carboxyl bond

What is an example of a molecule produced by this type of process?

• glucose

• glycogen

• a fatty acid

• a protein