Living Environment Regents Review Period 1

Producers are generally found at the beginning of a food chain. Which statement best explains why this is true?

• Producers are usually smaller in size than consumers.

• Producers do not rely on other organisms for food

• There are always more consumers than producers in food chains.

• Consumers are always more complex organisms than producers.

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A lion cub resembles its parents because it inherits genes that produce

• DNA identical to all of the DNA found in both parents

• proteins identical to all of the proteins found in both parents

• ATP identical to some of the ATP found in each parent

• enzymes identical to some of the enzymes found in each parent

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If body temperature is too high, some blood vessels increase in size and sweat glands will excrete sweat, resulting in a lower body temperature. These changes are an example of

• a learned behavior

• feedback mechanisms

• an inherited disorder

• genetic mutations

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A farmer grows beans that he sells to local markets. Over a period of 40 years, the farmer has identified the plants that produced the most beans and only used those beans to produce new plants. This procedure is part of the process of

• selective breeding

• genetic engineering

• replication

• cloning

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Although we rely on coal, oil, and natural gas to produce energy, some environmental scientists have proposed that we use less fossil fuel. One reason to support this proposal is to

• enable us to preserve rain forests in tropical areas

• help us to reduce the production of carbon dioxide gas

• allow us to decrease the use of fertilizers on crops

• encourage us to end research on wind and water power sources

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The diagram below represents relationships in an ecosystem. What is the primary source of energy in this environment?

• cellular respiration in the plants

• energy from minerals in the soil

• fossil fuels

• solar energy

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Research has shown that treadmill training increases the number of certain energy-releasing structures in the brain cells of rats.The cellular structures referred to in this study are most likely

• mitochondria

• nuclei

• vacuoles

• ribosomes

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Which process must first take place in order for the proteins in foods to be used by body cells?

• digestion

• storage

• synthesis

• excretion

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Which statement is characteristic of reproduction in humans?

• The reproductive cells of males and females differ in chromosome number.

• Males and females produce gametes in the ovaries.

• Males and females produce the same number of gametes.

• The reproductive cycles of males and females are regulated by hormones.

Which row in the chart below represents the most likely changes in the atmosphere due to widespread deforestation?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

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