Chap. 7 (Cells) Final Exam Review

The basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms.

• Cells

• Organelles

• Skeleton

• Eukaryotes

Answer explanation

Cells are the basic structural and functional units of all living organisms, responsible for carrying out essential life processes. Organelles are components within cells, while skeletons and eukaryotes refer to structures and classifications, respectively.

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Which organelle is only in PLANT cells?

• Cell Membrane

• Mitochondrion

• Nucleus

• Chloroplast

Answer explanation

Chloroplasts are organelles found only in plant cells, responsible for photosynthesis. In contrast, cell membranes, mitochondria, and nuclei are present in both plant and animal cells.

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This scientist is known for discovering the nucleus in plant cells.

• Robert Brown

• Robert Frost

• Charlie Brown

• Charles Dickens

Answer explanation

Robert Brown is the scientist credited with discovering the nucleus in plant cells, making him the correct choice. The other options, such as Robert Frost, Charlie Brown, and Charles Dickens, are not associated with this scientific discovery.

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The "brain" of the cell that controls the cell function is called the

• Nucleus

• Vacuole

• Mitochondria

• Cytoplasm

Answer explanation

The nucleus is known as the "brain" of the cell because it controls cell functions by regulating gene expression and mediating the replication of DNA during the cell cycle.

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Cells with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles are called ____________________.

• prokaryotes

• eukaryotes

• bacteria

• protists

Answer explanation

Cells with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles are classified as eukaryotes. In contrast, prokaryotes lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, making eukaryotes the correct choice.

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Which of the following is NOT part of the cell theory?

• cells must contain DNA

• all living things are made from cells

• cells can only come from other cells

• cells are the basic unit of life

Answer explanation

The statement "cells must contain DNA" is not part of the cell theory. The cell theory states that all living things are made of cells, cells arise from pre-existing cells, and cells are the basic unit of life.

He discovered that all plants are made of cells:

• Anton van Leeuwenhoek

• Theordor Schwann

• Robert Hooke

• Mattias Schleiden

Answer explanation

Mattias Schleiden concluded that all plants are composed of cells, contributing to the cell theory. This distinguishes him from others listed, who made different contributions to cell biology.

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Who was the first person to see cells under the microscope and give them their name?

• Mattias Schleiden

• Robert Hooke

• Theordor Schwann

• Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Answer explanation

Robert Hooke was the first to observe cells under a microscope in 1665. He coined the term 'cell' after observing the structure of cork, which resembled small rooms or 'cells'.

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Which of the following scientists was the first to observe bacteria under a microscope?

• Anton van Leuwenhoek

• Matthais Schleiden

• Robert Hooke

• Theodor Schwann

Answer explanation

Anton van Leeuwenhoek was the first scientist to observe bacteria using a microscope in the late 17th century, making significant contributions to microbiology. The other scientists listed focused on plant and animal cell theory.

Prokaryotic cells include bacteria.

• True

• False

Answer explanation

Prokaryotic cells are characterized by the absence of a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Bacteria are the most well-known examples of prokaryotic cells, making the statement true.