Miller and Levine Chapter 10 Review

Which statements accurately describe calories and Calories?

• A kilocalorie is equal to 1000 Calories.

• A Calorie is equal to a kilocalorie.

• A calorie is equal to 1000 Calories.

Meg eats an orange. Which statement describes the ultimate source of the energy that her body receives when she digests the orange?

• Organic matter, rich soil in which the orange tree grows, and adequate water all work together to generate the energy that can be obtained from the orange.

• The orange tree obtains energy from the nitrogen and other compounds in fertilizer.

• The light energy that originates from the sun provides the energy to grow oranges, which contain macromolecules.

• The orange contains the energy-rich nutrients that it draws from the soil.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-5

The molecules in the food we eat contain chemical energy stored in chemical bonds. Which statement BEST explains how this energy is released?

• Chemical bonds in food molecules are broken, releasing energy and allowing cells to use the energy to make ATP.

• Cells extract and capture the energy in food molecules all at once, then store it for later use.

• Chemical energy is released as eaten food is digested, giving off heat as a by-product.

• Cells burn food molecules, releasing energy as heat that powers movement while keeping the body at the correct temperature.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-7

Ned is making a model of cellular respiration. His model shows the pathway followed when there is enough oxygen available. What does Ned's model show?

• an aerobic pathway consisting of glycolysis and fermentation

• an anaerobic pathway consisting of glycolysis and fermentation

• an aerobic pathway consisting of glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain

• an anaerobic pathway consisting of glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

The overall reactions for photosynthesis and cellular respiration are opposite of each other. Select the statement that describes one of the two processes.

• Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and produces oxygen.

• Cellular respiration uses carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and produces oxygen.

• Photosynthesis uses oxygen to release energy from food and produces carbon dioxide as a by-product.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-5

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

NGSS.HS-LS2-5

The overall reactions for photosynthesis and cellular respiration are opposite of each other. Select the statement that describes one of the two processes.

• Cellular respiration uses carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and produces oxygen.

• Photosynthesis uses oxygen to release energy from food and produces carbon dioxide as a by-product.

• Cellular respiration uses oxygen to release energy from food and produces carbon dioxide as a by-product.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-7

NGSS.HS-LS2-5

Shelly is asked to explain the locations of the stages of cellular respiration. What location should she give for the site of the Krebs cycle reactions?

• the cytoplasm of the cell

• the matrix of the mitochondria

• the nucleus, the innermost part of the cell

• the cell membrane, which surrounds the cell

Bob and Patrick are studying the differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. They learn that in eukaryotic cells the electron transport chain is in a different location than in prokaryotic cells. Which statement gives the correct explanation of this difference?

• In eukaryotes, the electron transport chain is composed of a series of electron carriers located in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.

• In prokaryotes, the electron transport chain is in the nucleus.

• In eukaryotes, the electron transport chain is composed of a series of electron carriers located in the Golgi apparatus.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS2-5

The Krebs cycle consists of many small steps, each catalyzed by an enzyme. What is another name for the Krebs cycle?

• the Calvin cycle

• the pyruvic acid cycle

• the carbon dioxide cycle

• the citric acid cycle

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NGSS.HS-LS2-3

In the process of glycolysis, four ATP molecules are synthesized from four ADP molecules. Why does glycolysis not yield four molecules of ATP?

• Two ATP molecules are absorbed in the mitochondria.

• Two ATP molecules are lost in the cytoplasm.

• Two ATP molecules are converted immediately back to ADP.

• Two ATP molecules are required to start the process.