Final Exam Review

Alex reads about Darwin's research and observations on the Galápagos Island finches. Originally, the finches may have all looked alike, but there was one adaptation that evolved from the type of food they ate. What adaptation was it?

• wing size

• feather color

• beak shape

• body size

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NGSS.MS-LS4-2

NGSS.MS-LS4-4

The figure below shows two spotted salamanders. They are the same species of salamander, but they live in different areas. Which of these terms is used to describe the difference between them?

• overpopulation

• population

• extinction

• variation

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NGSS.MS-LS4-4

Which of the following is least likely to cause a species to become extinct due to changes in the environment?

• less genetic variation

• more genetic variation

• specific food preferences

• more competition for food

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NGSS.MS-LS2-1

NGSS.MS-LS4-4

When farmers want two desirable traits in cows, they often breed individuals that have those traits in the hopes that the offspring will have both desirable traits. What is this practice called?

• variation

• adaptation

• natural selection

• artificial selection

What do fossils provide evidence for?

• the history of life in the geologic past

• how species will change in the future

• how the cells of living things work today

• what a cross between what a dinosaur and an elephant might look like

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NGSS.MS-LS4-1

NGSS.MS-LS4-2

What is a trait called that helps an organism survive and reproduce?

• adaptation

• extinction

• fossil

• fossil record

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NGSS.MS-LS4-4

Which of these scenarios is an example of natural selection?

• Farmers crossbreed two types of cows to produce a breed of cow that has high-quality beef and can tolerate a hot climate.

• Giraffes that have longer necks survive a dry season by eating leaves from the tops of trees. Those giraffes breed more successfully that year.

• Dogs of the same breed that have a desirable coat color are bred with one another to produce more puppies with that same coat color.

• People kill rattlesnakes that rattle when approached by humans, but people do not kill rattlesnakes that remain silent. The quiet snakes survive and breed.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS4-4

When Charles Darwin observed finches on the Galápagos Islands, he noted differences in the shapes of the birds’ beaks. He observed that finches that ate insects had longer, narrower beaks than finches that crushed and ate seeds. Crushing seeds requires a larger, powerful beak. Based on this evidence, which finch shown below would most likely have an advantage for survival in an environment where seeds are the main source of food?

• A

• B

• C

• D

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NGSS.MS-LS4-2

NGSS.MS-LS4-4

What are differences among individuals in the composition of their genes or other DNA segments called?

• evolution

• artificial selection

• natural selection

• genetic variation

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NGSS.MS-LS4-4

A change in a DNA sequence that affects genetic information is called a

• relative dating

• selective breeding

• mutation

• organism’s fitness

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