Biology Review

Nucleic acids are one of the four major macromolecules. The main function of nucleic acids is to

• aid in development, the immune system, and blood clotting.

• absorb energy from the Sun and transport it around the cell.

• carry genetic material that helps to create structures inside the cell.

• act as enzymes, cell signals, and structural support for the cell.

What is the single most abundant compound in living organisms?

• fat

• carbon

• water

• sugar

Atoms of what element form the backbone of large, complex molecules such as sugars and fats?

• sodium

• oxygen

• carbon

• sulfur

There are many criteria that are used to define living things. Living things reproduce, grow, and develop. They respond to stimuli, use materials and energy, and evolve and adapt over time to their environment. What is another criteria used to define living things?

• All living things are made of cells.

• All living things are complex.

• All living things are intelligent.

• All living things are able to move.

Cell theory states that

• new cells are produced by existing cells.

• cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things.

• all living things are composed of cells.

• All of these answers are correct.

In which of the following are lipids found?

• saturated and unsaturated fats

• some vitamins and steroids

• biological membranes

• all of these

DNA and RNA are made of nucleotide bases, but they are slightly different. Which of these is a base pairing of DNA?

• Guanine-Thymine

• Adenine-Uracil

• Cytosine-Thymine

• Adenine-Thymine

Which of the following best describes the product of RNA translation?

• A chromosome

• A protein

• An RNA molecule

• A DNA molecule

Which of these accurately describes the general structure of DNA and RNA?

• DNA is a double helix; RNA is a single helix.

• Both DNA and RNA are single helical.

• Both DNA and RNA are double helical.

• DNA is a single helix; RNA is a double helix.

Cells store genetic information in DNA. That genetic information is used to synthesize _______.

• Proteins

• Carbohydrates

• Polysaccharides

• Genes