Chapter 14 Exam Review

When compared to a justice with a philosophy of judicial restraint, a justice with a philosophy of judicial activism is more likely to​

• be an originalist.

• ignore current societal opinions.

• leave policy making to elected officials.

• overturn an existing law.

If a justice agrees with the majority’s opinion, but has different reasoning, he or she may issue a

• concurring opinion

• dissenting opinion.

• minority opinion

• unanimous ruling

If a law is overturned as being unconstitutional,​

• a concurring opinion must be issued.

• Congress must pass a new law to replace it.

• the executive branch must stop enforcing it.

• the justices’ ruling must be unanimous.​

In the case of Roper v. Simmons, what constitutional right did the Court say was being violated?​

• a corporation’s right to use its money to support political candidates

• an individual’s right to be free from cruel and unusual punishment

• an individual’s right to freedom of speech

• the federal government’s right to regulate interstate commerce

The Supreme Court’s right to judicial review

• allows the Court to issue writs of certiorari

• confirms that the Supreme Court can issue advisory opinions

• reinforces the importance of the Bill of Rights

• was established under Chief Justice John Marshall

Which of the following lists the steps in filling a Supreme Court vacancy?​

• The individual is nominated by the president and confirmed by the Senate

• The individual is nominated by the Senate and receives the consent of the House

• The nominee is questioned by the Senate and then by the Senate Judiciary Committee

• The nominee is questioned by the Supreme Court and then by the House

Appellate cases​

• always involve original jurisdiction

• are the least common type of cases that the Supreme Court hears

• can come either through the state court systems or the federal court system

• typically involve individuals stating that their constitutional rights have been violated

In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court agree with the defendant that he had a constitutional right to a lawyer?​

• Betts v. Brady

• Brandenburg v. Ohio

• Gideon v. Wainright

• Roper v. Simmons

Why do presidents want nominees from a variety of racial and ethnic backgrounds?​

• They want to simplify the justices’ decision-making processes

• They think these individuals will be easier to confirm

• They think these individuals will have a better educational background

• They want the justices to be somewhat representative of the entire country

In McCulloch v. Maryland, Chief Justice John Marshall stated that

• states could not interfere with federal actions that were necessary to carrying out its constitutional powers

• states could not interfere with individual rights that were protected by the Constitution

• the Constitution gave the state governments the right to regulate interstate commerce

• the Supreme Court could only hear cases of original jurisdiction