STAAR Review: Protein Synthesis

Scientists can determine relatedness among organisms by comparing partial amino acid sequences. The table shows four partial amino acid sequences from four organisms. Which organism is the LEAST related to the other three organisms?

• Organism 1

• Organism 2

• Organism 3

• Organism 4

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NGSS.HS-LS4-1

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

What is the role of mRNA in expressing specialized structures?

• Making energy available for cellular activities

• Creating bonds to form biomolecules

• Producing sugars that assist with replication

• Providing information to form proteins

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

A mutation in which types of cells would only affect the organism and not future generations?

• Egg cell and liver cell

• Sperm cell and egg cell

• Nerve cell and brain cell

• Sperm cell and lung cell

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

A sequence of a DNA template strand is shown.

³’ TCC AAT GGC TTA TTT GCA ⁵’ Which of these is the correct amino acid chain produced from the DNA template strand?

• Arginine - Leucine - Proline - Asparagine - Lysine - Arginine

• Tryptophan - Phenylalanine - Leucine - Glycine - Asparagine - Phenylalanine

• Serine - Leucine - Proline - Asparagine - Lysine - Arginine

• Tryptophan - Phenylalanine - Leucine - Glycine - Asparagine - Serine

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS1-6

The Himalayan rabbit’s habitat has cold, snowy winters and mild summers. The body is typically covered in white fur except for the nose, feet, tail, and ears, which are covered in black fur. A scientist shaved an area of white fur on the back of a Himalayan rabbit and placed an ice pack over the shaved area. The shaved area grew black fur. Which of these best explains why the hair that grew back where the ice pack was placed was black and not white?

• The coat color changed from white to black with the age of the rabbit.

• The white hair mutated to black hair as the rabbit’s body temperature decreased.

• The genes for black hair were activated by specific temperatures.

• White hair only grows during certain times of the year.

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NGSS.MS-LS1-5

NGSS.MS-LS3-1

The table lists some organisms found in a swamp ecosystem and their sources of energy.

When constructing an energy pyramid of the swamp ecosystem, which of these would be placed at the top of the pyramid?

• Grass carp

• American alligator

• Eastern mud turtle

• Great blue heron

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NGSS.HS-LS2-4

NGSS.HS-LS2-6

Students are given data from an investigation that identified some of the chemical elements present in four different samples. Which sample was most likely DNA?

• Sample 1

• Sample 2

• Sample 3

• Sample 4

Which part of a DNA molecule is responsible for the direct coding of specific traits in an organism?

• The number of hydrogen bonds that hold the strands of DNA together.

• The number of carbons in the DNA molecule.

• The sequence of nucleotide bases in the DNA molecule.

• The sequences of phosphates along each DNA strand.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

Scientists use zebra fish to study human genetic diseases because zebra fish and humans share many of the same genetic diseases. Which statement describes why zebra fish experience similar genetic diseases as humans?

• Zebra fish have an omnivorous diet similar to that of humans.

• Zebra fish have nucleotide sequences similar to those of humans.

• Zebra fish go through embryonic stages similar to those of humans.

• Zebra fish produce gametes through a process that is similar to that of humans.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

A certain mutation in the gene for hemoglobin results in the red blood cells becoming sticky, rigid, and irregularly shaped. These irregularly shaped red blood cells block the flow of blood throughout the body. A single base mutation is responsible for these irregularly shaped blood cells. Which of these mutations most likely results in the mutated hemoglobin gene?

• Insertion

• Deletion

• Duplication

• Substitution

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2