Chap. 14 (Origins of Life) Final Exam Review

The idea that Earth's early oceans had organic molecules that became the first life is called the...

• Primordial Soup Hypothesis

• Bubble Hypothesis

• Campbell's Soup Hypothesis

• Radioactive Dating Theory

Answer explanation

The Primordial Soup Hypothesis suggests that Earth's early oceans contained organic molecules that eventually led to the formation of the first life forms. This theory highlights the role of these molecules in the origin of life.

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-6

Miller & Urey and other scientists have shown that:

• Life on early Earth required material from space

• Cells survived in the primitive atmosphere

• Amino acids could be produced from inorganic molecules

• Simple cells can be produced in a laboratory

Answer explanation

Miller & Urey's experiments demonstrated that amino acids, the building blocks of life, could be synthesized from inorganic molecules under conditions thought to resemble those of early Earth.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-6

Which of the following was probably not present in the atmosphere of the primitive Earth?

• methane

• oxygen

• water

• carbon dioxide

Answer explanation

Oxygen was likely not present in the atmosphere of primitive Earth, as it is a byproduct of photosynthesis and was not produced in significant amounts until later in Earth's history.

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-6

Which scientist(s) tested the Primordial Soup Hypothesis model by using an electrical spark to produce amino acids from the molecules believed to be present on early Earth?

• Oparin-Haldane

• Miller-Urey

• Pasteur

• Spallanzani

Answer explanation

The Miller-Urey experiment in 1953 tested the Primordial Soup Hypothesis by simulating early Earth conditions with an electrical spark, successfully producing amino acids from simple molecules, supporting the idea of abiogenesis.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-6

Which scientist disproved spontaneous generation of large organisms by showing maggots came from flies not from rotting meat?

• Redi

• Needham

• Spallanzani

• Pasteur

Answer explanation

Redi conducted experiments showing that maggots on rotting meat came from flies, not from the meat itself, effectively disproving the theory of spontaneous generation for large organisms.

Which scientist designed a special flask that allowed air in but kept microbes out and once and for all disproved spontaneous generation?

• Redi

• Needham

• Spallanzani

• Pasteur

Answer explanation

Louis Pasteur designed a special flask with a swan-neck that allowed air in but prevented microbes from entering, effectively disproving spontaneous generation and demonstrating that microorganisms come from other microorganisms.

Which of the following terms refers to life coming from other living things?

• Abiogenesis

• Biogenesis

• Spontaneous generation

• Endosymbiosis

Answer explanation

Biogenesis refers to the process of life arising from pre-existing living organisms, contrasting with abiogenesis, which suggests life can originate from non-living matter. Thus, the correct term is biogenesis.

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NGSS.HS-LS4-1

The theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts were once ancient prokaryotic is called

• Endosymbiotic Theory

• Seed Theory

• Mitochloro Theory

• Origin of Life

Answer explanation

The Endosymbiotic Theory posits that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from ancient prokaryotic cells that were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells, leading to a symbiotic relationship.

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NGSS.HS-LS4-2

Which type of cell is thought to have come first?

• Eukaryotic

• Prokaryotic

• Plant

• Both Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells evolved around the same time

Answer explanation

Prokaryotic cells are considered the earliest forms of life on Earth, appearing before eukaryotic cells. They lack a nucleus and complex organelles, making them simpler and more primitive, thus supporting the idea that they came first.

A scientist that studies fossils

• Biologist

• Fossil

• Paleozoic

• Paleontologist

Answer explanation

A paleontologist is a scientist who specifically studies fossils, their formation, and the history of life on Earth. The other options do not accurately describe this field of study.

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NGSS.MS-LS4-1

NGSS.MS-LS4-2