2nd Semester Final Review

In his observations of the finches in Galapagos Islands, Darwin stated that we could never "watch" natural selection in action. Why did Darwin believe this?

• natural selection happens so quickly

• natural selection is an internal process

• natural selection occurs over many generations

• natural selection is a process that occurs randomly

What is the process by which organisms that are better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce and those that are not adapted do not survive?

• predator

• natural selection

• population

• selective breeding

Which is an adaptation that makes it possible for the animal to survive in a cold climate?

• tail on a lizard

• scales on a fish

• stripes on a tiger

• fur on a bear

A giraffe's long neck helps it to survive because giraffes can...

• eat leaves in the high branches of trees

• eat grass in the fields

• run away from lions

• hide from tigers and other predators

Which of the following was the most likely effect of the Industrial Revolution on peppered moths in cities?

• the peppered moths adapted an improved sense of sight and smell

• the peppered moths developed a tolerance to smog and chemical waste

• the population of light-colored moths decreased and the population of dark-colored moths increased

• over time, white speckled moths were outnumbered by plain white moths

Which of the following provides the best scientific explanation for the presence of the appendix in both humans and rabbits?

• rabbits and humans live in environments with similar conditions

• rabbits and humans are both eurkaryotes with similar cell structure

• the appendix is evolving into a new type of organ in rabbits and humans

• the appendix is inherited from a common ancestor of rabbits and humans

What is it about finches that supported Darwin's theory of evolution?

• the difference in their eye color was suited for how they see

• the difference in their feet was suited for how they walk

• their mating habits assisted them in finding their mates

• the difference in their beaks were suited to the food they ate

Scientists found that a mountain pond was transformed into a meadow. During that time, several populations of organisms were replaced by different populations. Which of these best explains why new populations were able to replace older populations?

• diseases that killed the older organisms disappeared so new ones were able to live

• the environment changed and the original populations were not able to adapt

• the original populations died from old age and the new ones replaced them

• the original species became extinct so new ones needed to replace them

A population of mosquitoes is sprayed with a new insecticide. Most of the mosquitoes are killed but a few survive. In the next generation, the spraying continues, but still more mosquitoes hatch that are unaffected by the insecticide. Which of following best explains these results?

• the insecticide caused a mutation in the genes of the immune mosquitoes

• the mosquitoes learn how to fight the insecticide

• a few mosquitoes in the first population were immune and passed this trait to their offspring

• the insecticide cause the mosquitoes to develop an immune response that was inherited

What is the role of the Sun in a forest ecosystem?

• It decomposes waste into nutrients

• it provides the energy for all living organisms

• it gives chlorophyll to the producers

• it allows oxygen to be formed in the animals