Biology Review Quiz 2

Based on the pedigree chart, what should you assume about the parental generation?

• The father was a carrier for a sex-linked disease.

• The mother was a carrier for a sex-linked disease.

• You cannot make any assumptions based on the pedigree chart.

• Both the father and mother were carriers of a sex-linked disease.

All BUT ONE statement describes an advantage of meiosis.

• Variation is aided by crossing-over during meiosis.

• Meiosis ensures daughter cells receive one of each kind of gene and half the chromosome number.

• Independent assortment provides a huge number of possible genetic combinations in daughter cells.

• Meiosis occurs often because it allows growth and repair of body tissues in multicellular organisms.

A section of DNA is transcribed to produce a strand of mRNA. The original DNA has the following sequence of nitrogen bases:

ATG GCC CAA TCG TGA

Due to a point mutation, transcription results in the mRNA sequence of:

UAC CGG GUU AGU ACU

Transcription in this case will result in

• A mutated protein that is potentially harmful.

• The correct sequence of amino acids in the synthesized protein.

• A situation where protein synthesis does not “stop” translating.

• The incorrect sequence of amino acids in the synthesized protein.

Both male and female gametes are created during the process of meiosis. The formation of male gametes or sperm is called spermatogenesis. After telophase II of spermatogenesis, there would be __________ male gametes created that are all genetically __________.

• 2; identical

• 4; identical

• 2; different

• 4; different

Sexual reproduction is important for the survival of the species. It is important for ALL BUT ONE of these reasons. That is

• Promotes genetic variability among offspring.

• Causes new mutations to occur in the offspring.

• It is necessary for the survival of the individual.

• It is more beneficial for the species than the individual.

A student is studying a process in which a diploid cell becomes haploid. Which of these shows the CORRECT mathematical model for the process if N_new is the number of chromosomes in the haploid cell and N_old is the number of chromosomes in the diploid cell?

• Nnew = 2 ∙ Nold

• Nold/2

• Nnew = Nold + 2

• Nnew = Nold x 2

The Punnett square represents the dihybrid cross between two pea plants.

Here R represents the dominant allele for round shape of the seed and r represents the recessive allele for wrinkled shape of the seed. Y represents the dominant allele for yellow seed color and y represents the recessive allele for green seed color. Both the plants have the heterozygous genotype RrYy.

What is the expected phenotypic ratio of dihybrid crosses?

• 9:3:3:1

• 9:3:3:2

• 9:4:2:1

• 9:5:1:1

___________ are the oldest organisms and are divided into two groups, the acheabacteria and the eubacteria.

• Algae

• Eukaryotes

• Prokaryotes

• Viruses

A (n) _______________ is an injection of weakened or dead viruses or bacteria, or pieces of proteins from weakened or dead viruses or bacteria. It is given to help the immune system of people "learn" how to defeat the real virus or bacteria.

• Antibiotic

• Antibody

• Vaccine

• Pathogen

Which of the following statements violates the cell theory?

• Mitosis produces new cells identical to the parent cell that divided to make them.

• Viruses are not considered to be living organisms, because they are smaller than a cell.

• Though humans are one organism, they are composed of about 100 trillion individual cells.

• Some scientists believe that prions, tiny proteins much smaller than a cell, that can replicate themselves, may be living organisms.