Biology Keystone Review

Which characteristic is shared by all prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

• Ability to store hereditary information

• Use of organelles to control cell processes

• Use of cellular respiration for energy release

• Ability to move in response to environmental stimuli

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Alveoli are microscopic air sacs in the lungs of mammals. Which statement BEST describes how the structure of alveoli allows lungs to function properly?

• They increase the amount of energy transferred from the lungs to the blood.

• They increase the flexibility of the lungs as they expand during inflation.

• They increase the volume of the lungs, allowing more oxygen to be inhaled.

• They increase the surface areas of the lungs, allowing efficient gas exchange.

Which statement BEST describes an effect of the low density of frozen water in a lake?

• When water freezes, it contracts, decreasing the water level in a lake.

• Water in a lake freezes from the bottom up, killing most aquatic organisms.

• When water in a lake freezes, it floats, providing insulation for organisms below.

• Water removes thermal energy from land around the lake, causing the lake to freeze.

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS2-5

Carbohydrates and proteins are two types of macromolecules. Which functional characteristic of proteins distinguishes them from carbohydrates?

• Large amount of stored information

• Ability to catalyze biochemical reactions

• Efficient storage of usable chemical energy

• Tendency to make cell membranes hydrophobic

Substance A is converted to substance B in a metabolic reaction. Which statement BEST describes the roles of an enzyme during this reaction?

• It adjusts the pH of the reaction medium.

• It provides energy to carry out the reaction.

• It dissolves substance A in the reaction medium.

• It speeds up the reaction without being consumed.

A scientist observes that, when the pH of the environment surrounding an enzyme is changed, the rate the enzyme catalyzes a reaction greatly decreases. Which statement BEST describes how a change in pH can affect an enzyme?

• A pH change can cause the enzyme to change its shape.

• A pH change can remove energy necessary to activate an enzyme.

• A pH change can add new molecules to the structure of the enzyme.

• A pH change can cause an enzyme to react with a different substrate.

The diagram models how a poison bonds to the active site of an enzyme. Which function is the enzyme MOST LIKELY unable to perform because of the attachment of the poison molecule?

• The release of stored chemical energy

• The donation of electrons to the substrate.

• The supply of activation energy for a reaction.

• The catalysis of the reaction with the substrate.

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-4

The graph shows how the activity of an enzyme change at different temperatures. Which statement BEST describes what happens to the enzyme when the temperature of the reaction increases to 63 degrees?

• The enzyme is used up and the reaction stops.

• The enzyme begins to decrease the rate of the reaction.

• The enzyme continues to increase the rate of the reaction.

• The enzyme changes shape and can no longer speed up the reaction.

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-5

Using a microscope, a student observes a small, green organelle in a plant cell. Which energy transformation MOST LIKELY occurs first within the observed organelles?

• ATP to light

• Light to chemical

• Heat to electrical

• Chemical to chemical

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-5

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are two major processes of carbon cycling in living organisms. Which statement correctly describes one similarity between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

• Both occur in animal and plant cells.

• Both include reactions that transform energy.

• Both convert light energy into chemical energy.

• Both synthesize organic molecules as end products.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS2-5