Enlightenment and Revolutions 2

Use the excerpt below to complete the sentence.


Law is the expression of the general will. . . . It must be the same for all, whether it protects or punishes.

—Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen

The U.S. Constitution reflects an idea similar to this by providing citizens with

• A way to veto laws
• Inalienable Rights
• Equality before the law
• Voting rights

Which event was MOST influenced by this idea?   
For in all the states of created beings capable of laws, where there is no law, there is no freedom.

—John Locke, Second Treatise of Government, 1690 

• the nationalist unification of Germany and Italy
• the rise of industrial unions in England
• the fall of the czarist government in Russia
• the political revolutions in America and France

Which goal did these revolutions have in common?

American Revolution, 1776   • Goal – overthrew British colonial rule • Outcome – created a republic controlled by the people
French Revolution, 1789 • Goal – overthrew rule by an absolute monarchy • Outcome – led to dictatorial rule by an emperor

• to eliminate monarchical government
• to end aristocratic control of commerce
• to create a government to protect individual rights
• to inspire rebellions in distant territories of the world

Which cultural development had the greatest effect on these events?


 Some Features Common to the American
Revolution and French Revolution  • Establishment of basic human rights
 • Replacement of monarchy with a republic
 • Elimination of aristocratic privileges

• the Protestant Reformation
• the Great Schism
• the Renaissance
• the Enlightenment

Which leader’s ideas of imperialism and militarism brought stability and order to revolutionary France?

• Jean-Paul Marat
• Maximilien Robespierre
• Napoleon Bonaparte
• King Louis XVI

A consequence of the radical stage of the French Revolution was the

• storming of the Bastille
• meeting of the Estates General
• execution of the King
• taking of the Tennis Court Oath

Which figure from the French Revolution led the Committee of Public Safety to carry out the Reign of Terror?

• Napoleon Bonaparte
• Jean-Paul Marat
• Maximilien Robespierre
• Louis XVI

Which event MOST influenced the leaders of the French Revolution?

• the Crusades
• the Renaissance
• the American Revolution
• the Protestant Reformation

The American and French Revolutions are considered turning points in global history because of which of the following results?

• They led to the end of slavery in their countries
• They inspired other people to seek democracy and independence
• They marked the start of a dictatorship in Europe
• They established the need for world peace keeping organizations

What was a major cause of the French Revolution?

• The unequal tax structure
• Economic success of mercantilism
• Failure of the United States President   
• The rise of priests' authority in the government