Cold War

The terms brinkmanship, peaceful coexistence, and détente are most closely associated with

• (1) periodic border disputes between Canada and the United States

• (2) problems the United States experienced with Germany prior to its reunification

• (3) techniques used by terrorists to intimidate United States citizens

• (4) Cold War relations between the United States and the Soviet Union

The Supreme Court ruling in United States v. Nixon (1974) upheld the principle that the president

• (1) is not above the law

  
  

• (2) can be allowed greater powers during national emergencies

• (3) must accept limits on his veto power

• (4) can freely dismiss members of his cabinet

Which United States foreign policy action best illustrates the concept of containment?

• (1) adopting the Truman Doctrine in 1947

• (2) ratifying the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty in 1963

• (3) returning control of the Panama Canal to Panama in 1978

• (4) granting diplomatic recognition to the People’s Republic of China in 1979

McCarthyism of the early 1950s resulted in

• (1) the end of the arms race

• (2) reduced spending on national defense

• (3) increased discrimination against returning veterans

• (4) damage to the reputations of many innocent people

In 1958, the United States government increased spending on science education and research in reaction to the

• (1) creation of the Warsaw Pact

• (2) launching of Sputnik

• (3) installation of Soviet missiles in Cuba

• (4) U-2 incident

Which Soviet Union action led to the situation shown in this cartoon?

• (1) blockade of Berlin

• (2) creation of the Warsaw Pact

• (3) reunification of Germany

• (4) construction of the Berlin Wall

. . . Believing this as I do, I have concluded that I should not permit the Presidency to become involved in the partisan divisions that are developing in this political year. With America’s sons in the fields far away, with America’s future under challenge right here at home, with our hopes and the world’s hopes for peace in the balance every day, I do not believe that I should devote an hour or a day of my time to any personal partisan causes or to any duties other than the awesome duties of this office—the Presidency of your country. . . . — President Lyndon B. Johnson, Address to the Nation, March 31, 1968

What was one problem facing President Lyndon B. Johnson at the time this speech was delivered?

• (1) Americans had experienced several judicial scandals.

• (2) His participation in peace talks threatened the war effort.

• (3) Opposition to the Vietnam War was becoming more widespread.

• (4) Great Society programs forced a reduction in military spending.

The formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) were attempts by the United States and other nations to

• (1) create mutual defense pacts

  
  

• (2) increase tariff rates between members

• (3) decrease the number of nuclear weapons

• (4) provide economic aid to poor nations

During the 1950s, United States foreign policy was shaped by

• (1) the principle of nonalignment

• (2) a return to pre–World War II isolationism

• (3) a willingness to compromise with communist nations

• (4) the emergence of two world superpowers

Which action by President Richard Nixon is the focus of this cartoon?

• (1) recalling diplomats from Mexico

• (2) supporting tax decreases and budget cuts

• (3) attempting to hide evidence from investigators

• (4) making concessions to the Soviet Union