Biology Keystone Exam Review

Alveoli are microscopic air sacs in the lungs of mammals. Which statement BEST describes how the structure of alveoli allows lungs to function properly?

• They increase the amount of energy transferred from the lungs to the blood.

• They increase the flexibility of the lungs as they expand during inflation.

• They increase the volume of the lungs, allowing more oxygen to be inhaled.

• They increase the surface areas of the lungs, allowing efficient gas exchange.

Which statement BEST describes an effect of the low density of frozen water in a lake?

• When water freezes, it contracts, decreasing the water level in a lake.

• Water in a lake freezes from the bottom up, killing most aquatic organisms.

• When water in a lake freezes, it floats, providing insulation for organisms below.

• Water removes thermal energy from land around the lake, causing the lake to freeze.

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS2-5

Carbohydrates and proteins are two types of macromolecules. Which functional characteristic of proteins distinguishes them from carbohydrates?

• Large amount of stored information

• Ability to catalyze biochemical reactions

• Efficient storage of usable chemical energy

• Tendency to make cell membranes hydrophobic

The diagram models how a poison bonds to the active site of an enzyme. Which function is the enzyme MOST LIKELY unable to perform because of the attachment of the poison molecule?

• The release of stored chemical energy

• The donation of electrons to the substrate.

• The supply of activation energy for a reaction.

• The catalysis of the reaction with the substrate.

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-4

The graph shows how the activity of an enzyme change at different temperatures. Which statement BEST describes what happens to the enzyme when the temperature of the reaction increases to 63 degrees?

• The enzyme is used up and the reaction stops.

• The enzyme begins to decrease the rate of the reaction.

• The enzyme continues to increase the rate of the reaction.

• The enzyme changes shape and can no longer speed up the reaction.

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-5

A protein in a cell membrane changed its shape to move sodium and potassium ions against their concentration gradients. Which molecule was MOST LIKELY used by the protein as an energy source?

• ATP

• ADP

• Catalase

• Amylase

Carbon dioxide and oxygen are molecules that can move freely across a plasma membrane. What determines the direction that carbon dioxide and oxygen molecules move?

• Orientation of cholesterol in the plasma membrane.

• Concentration gradient across the plasma membrane.

• Configuration of phospholipids in the plasma membrane.

• Location of receptors on the surface of the plasma membrane.

Which example is an activity that a fish MOST LIKELY uses to maintain homeostasis within it body?

• Using camouflage to avoid predators.

• Feeding at night to regulate body temperature.

• Moving to deeper water to regulate metabolic wastes.

• Exchanging gases through its gills to regulate oxygen levels.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

Mitosis and meiosis are processes by which animal and plant cells divide. Which statement best describes a difference between mitosis and meiosis?

• Meiosis is a multi-step process.

• Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells.

• Meiosis is used in the repair of an organism.

• Mitosis produces genetically identical daughter cells.

Which event most likely occurs next in mitosis?

• The chromatin condenses.

• The nuclear envelope dissolves.

• The chromosomes double in number.

• The cell membrane pinches inward to divide the cytoplasm.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4