Cold

The primary goal of most of Europe's absolute monarchs was to

• support political freedom for the new middle classes
• prevent contact with areas beyond Europe's borders
• centralize their political control over their nations
• maintain peaceful relations with neighboring nations

The theory justifying a monarch's rule by God's authority is called

• laissez-faire
• totalitarianism
• predestination
• divine right

Which statement best describes the effect of the works of Copernicus, Galileo, Newton, and Descartes?

• interest in greek and roman drama was renewed
• funding to education was increased by the English government
• the scientific method was used to solve problems
• the acceptance of traditional authority was strengthed

One way in which the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment were similar is that they

• rejected renaissance individualism
• encouraged the spread of new ideas
• led to the Protestant Reformation
• strengthened traditional institutions

One similarity of the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment is that

• placed great values on traditional beliefs
• contributed to the end of feudalism
• had the support of the Roman Catholic Church
• emphasized the value of human reasoning

What was a belief of many Enlightenment writers?

• kings only have to answer to God
• the wealthy should govern society
• all people are evil at heart
• ideas can be proven by reason and rationalism

The Enlightenment philosophers believed that the power of government is derived from

• a strong military
• the middle class
• the divine right of rulers
• those who are governed

The writings of Rousseau, Montesquieu, and Locke were similar because they all supported

• a democratic republic
• a military dictatorship
• an autocracy
• a theocratic society

“When the legislative and executive powers are united in the same person, or in the same body of magistrates (government officials), there can be no liberty; because apprehensions (fears) may arise, lest the same monarch or senate should enact tyrannical laws to execute them in a tyrannical manner…”--Baron de Montesquieu
Which solution would Montesquieu offer to avoid the enactment of tyrannical laws?

• separating the branches of government
• reinstating absolute monarchs
• limiting natural laws
• granting freedom of speech

What was a direct result of the Scientific Revolution in Europe?

• the rise of the manorial system
• the application of reason and experimentation to political thinking
• a gradual decline in the growth of cities
• an increase in the use of the divine right theory of government