Chapter 16 Darwin

Darwin noticed that many organism's seemed well suited to

• being preserved as fossils

• providing humans with food

• surviving in the environments in which they lived

• swimming from South America to the Galapagos Islands

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The species of finches that Charles Darwin found on different Galapagos Islands varied in certain structural adaptations. One of the most significant adaptations that Darwin noted was the

• similarities of the birds' embryos

• birds' different-shaped beaks

• length of the birds' necks

• number of eggs in each bird's nest

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Based on the adaptations Charles Darwin observed in finches and tortoises in the Galapagos, he wondered

• if species living on different islands had once been members of the same species

• if finches and tortoises had originated from the same ancestral species

• if all birds on the different islands were finches

• why all tortoises on the different islands were identical

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Biologists in Darwin's time had already begun to understand that living things change over time. How did Darwin contribute to these ideas?

• he found many fossils that showed that these changes could not possibly happen on islands

• he figured out and explained how these changes happened and supported his ideas with evidence

• he made guesses about how these changes happened, and wrote experiments that could be used to test these guesses

• he was the first person to truly believe that these changes happened, and he worked very hard to convince others

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Charles Darwin's observation that finches of different species on the Galapagos Islands have many similar physical characteristics supports the hypothesis that these finches

• have the ability to interbreed

• acquired traits through use and disuse

• all eat the same type of food

• descended from a common ancestor

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On the Galapagos Islands, Charles Darwin observed

• completely unrelated species on each of the islands

• species exactly like those found in South America

• species similar to mainland South American species

• species completely unrelated to those found in South America

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Which of the following ideas supported by Darwin's observation of local variation among tortoises in the Galapagos Islands?

• artificial selection

• adaptation

• acquired characteristics

• tendency towards perfection

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People of Charles Darwin's time understood that fossils were

• preserved remains of ancient organisms

• available for every organism that ever lived

• unrelated to living species

• evidence for the evolution of life on Earth

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James Hutton's and Charles Lyell's work suggests that

• Earth is several million years old

• Earth is several thousand years old

• all fossils were formed in the last 1000 years

• all rocks on Earth contain fossils

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James Hutton's and Charles Lyell's work was important to Darwin because these scientists

• explained volcanoes and earthquakes

• explained all geologic events on Earth

• suggested that Earth was old enough for evolution to have occurred

• refuted the work of Lamarck, which

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