Unit 3 FInal Review

Which of the following may result in DNA mutations

• Environmental influences

• Errors that occur during cell division

• UV radiation

• All of the above

You can find populations of rock pocket mice all over the Sonoran Desert in the southwestern United States. There are two common varieties of these mice a light-colored variety and a dark-colored variety. There are also two major colors of substrate, or surface materials, that make up the desert floor. Most of the desert is covered in light-colored sand and rock. However, there are also patches of dark volcanic rocks that formed from cooling lava flows. These patches of dark-colored substrate are often separated by several kilometers of light colored substrate. Scientists have gathered the following data for the mice that they have collected at location A and location B.

Based on the data. Which conclusion provides the best explanation of the changes in the population of mice.

• A, The population of black mice rose at location A due volcanic activity and the population of white mice stayed the same.

• B. The population of white mice rose at location B because of predators.

• B. The population of white mice rose at location B because of predators.

• D. The population of black mice rose at location B and the population of white mice declined due to volcanic activity.

You can find populations of rock pocket mice all over the Sonoran Desert in the southwestern United States. There are two common varieties of these mice a light-colored variety and a dark-colored variety. There are also two major colors of substrate, or surface materials, that make up the desert floor. Most of the desert is covered in light-colored sand and rock. However, there are also patches of dark volcanic rocks that formed from cooling lava flows. These patches of dark-colored substrate are often separated by several kilometers of light colored substrate. Scientists have gathered the following data for the mice that they have collected at location A and location B.

Based on the data. Which conclusion provides the best explanation of the changes in the population of mice.

How might the population of mice in location B change if lava patches are later covered by white sand?

• The population of white mice will increase and the black mice population will decrease because they will be more easily seen by predators.

• The population of white mice will continue to decrease.

• The population of black mice will remain the same.

• The population of white and black mice will remain the same because the environment does not play a role in natural selection.

Based on fossil evidence, scientists concluded that whales evolved from hoofed mammalian ancestors that lived on land. New evidence confirms this and suggests that among hoofed mammals, the hippopotamus is the closest living relative of whales. Which of the following was the most likely source of this new evidence?

• Comparisons of lifespans

• Comparisons of DNA sequences

• Mapping of geographic distributions

• Calculation of population birth rates

Scientists believe that a dinosaur known as a hadrosaurus was a plant eater. Which of the following pieces of evidence supports this conclusion?

• The regions where hadrosaurus fossils are found were heavily forested

• Fossilized plant remains are found with the fossils of the hadrosaurus

• The fossilized teeth of the hadrosaurus are flat like the teeth of modern herbivores

• Hadrosaurus fossils are found with fossils of other dinosaurs that were herbivores

During the fall reproductive season, the belly of a male brook trout becomes bright orange. The orange belly provides some camouflage and helps attract females. This trait evolved in brook trout because, compared to males with pale bellies, males with bright orange bellies are more likely to:

• Live in good habitats.

• Be eaten by predators.

• Mate with other species of fish.

• Fertilize eggs to produce offspring.

Similar structures are present in the embryos of fish, chickens, and rabbits. In fish, these structures develop into gills, but in chickens and rabbits, they either disappear or develop into other body parts later in embryonic development. Which of the statements below best explains the presence of these structures in the embryos of all three species?

• The embryos of the three species are similar in size.The three species have a common ancestor with these embryonic structures. T

• Breathing structures are similar among the young of the three species.

• The three species have a common ancestor with these embryonic structures

• The reproductive mechanisms are similar among the adults of the three species

Thousands of years ago, the jaws and teeth of jaguars were more varied in size than they are today. During a period of climate change about 11,000 years ago, jaguars faced a shortage of food. There were fewer mammals to eat, so the jaguars had to eat shelled reptiles. The jaguars with the largest jaws and teeth could most easily eat the shelled reptiles. Which of the following statements best explains why large jaws and teeth are common characteristics in jaguars today?

• Jaguars with the smallest jaws and teeth died out completely.

• Jaguars with the smallest jaws and teeth were not ever able to mate.

• Jaguars with the largest jaws and teeth survived and reproduced more successfully than other jaguars.

• Jaguars with the largest jaws and teeth strengthened them by using them more frequently than other jaguars.

Thousands of years ago, the jaws and teeth of jaguars were more varied in size than they are today. During a period of climate change about 11,000 years ago, jaguars faced a shortage of food. There were fewer mammals to eat, so the jaguars had to eat shelled reptiles. The jaguars with the largest jaws and teeth could most easily eat the shelled reptiles. Which of the following statements best explains why large jaws and teeth are common characteristics in jaguars today?

• Jaguars with the smallest jaws and teeth died out completely.

• Jaguars with the smallest jaws and teeth were not ever able to mate.

• Jaguars with the largest jaws and teeth survived and reproduced more successfully than other jaguars.

• Jaguars with the largest jaws and teeth strengthened them by using them more frequently than other jaguars.

The marine iguanas of the Galápagos Islands feed on seaweed and algae. Marine iguanas have flattened tails while other species of iguanas that live inland on the Galápagos and on the South American mainland have rounded tails. Which of the following best explains this difference in tail shape?

• Flattened tails are better for swimming than rounded tails.

• Flattened tails move more easily on land than in the ocean.

• Flattened tails are harder for predators to grasp than rounded tails.

• Flattened tails release heat more rapidly in the ocean than on land.