Psychology and its History Key People

Wanted to measure the “atoms of the mind” the fastest mental processes. Often known as the "father of psychology".

• Wilhelm Wundt

• G. Stanley Hall

• Edward Bradford Titchener

• Wiliam James

First president of the American Psychological Association (APA) and established the first formal United States psychology laboratory at Johns Hopkins University.

• Wilhelm Wundt

• G. Stanley Hall

• Edward Bradford Titchener

• Wiliam James

Introduced structuralism to study the elements of the mind, and used introspection - The process of looking inward to directly observe one’s own psychological processes.

• Wilhelm Wundt

• G. Stanley Hall

• Edward Bradford Titchener

• Wiliam James

Philosopher – psychologist, who introduced Functionalism. Structures of consciousness must serve a purpose.

• Wilhelm Wundt

• G. Stanley Hall

• Edward Bradford Titchener

• William James

A modern behaviorist, studied operant conditioning, developed four schedules of reinforcement, believed external influences shape behavior NOT internal thoughts or feelings.

• Mary Whiton Calkins

• Margaret Floy Washburn

• John B. Watson

• B.F. Skinner

Student of Edward Titchener, the first female to earn Ph.D.in psychology, wrote The Animal Mind.

• Mary Whiton Calkins

• Margaret Floy Washburn

• John B. Watson

• B.F. Skinner

First women to complete the requirements for a PhD in psychology but was denied the degree by Harvard. became first female president of the American Psychological Association (APA).

• Mary Whiton Calkins

• Margaret Floy Washburn

• John B. Watson

• B.F. Skinner

Father of behaviorism, redefined psychology as the “the scientific study of observable behavior”. Famously conditioned “Baby Albert” to fear a white rat.

• Mary Whiton Calkins

• Margaret Floy Washburn

• John B. Watson

• B.F. Skinner

Believed that nature selects traits that best enable an organism to survive and reproduce in a particular environment. His theories influenced many in field of Psychology.

• Sigmund Freud

• Carl Rogers

• Abraham Maslow

• Charles Darwin

Humanistic Psychologist that focused on unconditional love personal growth. Rejected the psychoanalytic and behavioral perspectives.

• Sigmund Freud

• Carl Rogers

• Abraham Maslow

• Charles Darwin