Citing Text Evidence

Read the passage carefully:

Golden is a futurist. Futurists are scientists who analyze the way the world is today and use that information to make predictions about what the world will be like in the future. In this way, they are the opposite of historians, who try to better understand the present through studying the past. Futurists hope that by making scientific predictions about the future, we can make better decisions today.

Which answer BEST states the main idea of this passage?

• Golden works as a futurist.

• Historians are the opposite of futurists.

• Futurists are scientists who make predictions about what will happen in the future.

• Futurists are in charge of making important decisions.

Read the passage carefully:

The morning she left for Camp Kanawa, Maria awoke with a lump in her throat and an ache in her stomach. She had gone on plenty of sleepovers. She’d even spent a whole weekend at Aunt Jolie and Uncle Ed’s. So why was she so nervous?Then the smell of French toast wafted upstairs. As usual, Maria’s stomach grumbled as soon as the French toast-scented air hit her nostrils. On the other hand, maybe a good breakfast is exactly what I need.

Which sentence BEST shows that Maria is nervous about going to Camp Kanawa?

• The morning she left for Camp Kanawa, Maria awoke with a lump in her throat and an ache in her stomach.

• She had gone on plenty of sleepovers.

• Then the smell of French toast wafted upstairs.

• Maria's stomach grumbled as soon as the French toast-scented air hit her nostrils.

Read the passage carefully:

Imagine watching hundreds of thousands of bats swirl around you, swarming to form a large, black mass that flies off into the horizon. At Carlsbad Caverns in New Mexico, this scene is a regular occurrence. The caverns, located in a United States National Park, are home to around 400,000 Mexican free-tailed bats that fly out into the night sky each evening at dusk to feed on nearby moths and insects, returning at dawn to their caves. The spectacle draws crowds from around the world into the Chihuahuan Desert, where the park is located. One such visitor was Laurel Mathews, who once visited the caves with her family on a road trip.

Which piece of evidence from the article BEST shows that people can travel to Carlsbad Caverns to see bats anytime during the year?

• At Carlsbad Caverns in New Mexico, this scene is a regular occurrence.

• The caverns, located in a United States National Park, are home to around 400,000 Mexican free-tailed bats.

• The spectacle draws crowds from around the world into the Chihuahuan Desert.

• Laurel Mathews once visited the caves with her family on a road trip.

Read the passage carefully:

Pluto was first discovered in 1930. Until 2006, students were taught that it was the ninth and smallest planet in the solar system. Smaller than Earth’s moon, it is not even as wide as the United States. Pluto is made up almost entirely of rock and ice. It is so far away from Earth that the NASA New Horizons spacecraft took almost 10 years to get very close to it. Pluto’s full orbit around the sun lasts almost 250 Earth years!

Which piece of evidence BEST shows that Pluto is a small planet?

• Pluto was first discovered in 1930.

• Pluto is not even as wide as the United States.

• Pluto is made up almost entirely of rock and ice.

• The NASA New Horizons spacecraft took almost 10 years to get close to Pluto.

Read the passage carefully:

Every year, Lakota leaders decided which event was most important. A Lakota artist was then asked to draw a special picture of that event. Because each year’s picture was decided on during the winter, the drawings became known as winter counts. For a long time, winter counts were drawn on animal skins. Later, the drawings were done on paper. The pictures told the history of the tribe. Each year, the newest winter count was added to the Lakota collection of pictures from earlier times. That helped people keep track of the years.

What is the main reason that the Lakota create winter counts?

• Lakota artists enjoy painting winter counts.

• Winter counts are a way to use animal skins.

• Winter is a difficult time for the Lakota.

• Winter counts are a way to help the Lakota document their history.

Read the passage carefully:

Kurt closed the door of his mother’s car with great excitement. Today was the day he was finally going to be on a plane. For the first time in his life, he was going to actually soar through the skies and see the clouds from all the angles he had imagined since he was little. Soon they arrived at the airport. It was bigger than Kurt thought it would be. It was a massive building filled with hundreds of people looking around and rushing to get to wherever they were going. He immediately felt the rush of energy as he walked towards the check-in desk.

What is evidence that Kurt is excited to go on an airplane?

• His family drove to the airport in their car.

• Kurt has imagined flying on a plane since he was little.

• Kurt was surprised that the airport was so large.

• People were looking around and rushing to get to wherever they were going.