The principal motivation shaping the earliest settlements in New England was

religious commitment and devotion

the desire for political freedom

economic opportunity and the chance for a better life

a spirit of adventure and interest in exploring the New World

Which of the following best describes the impact European colonization had on the Western Hemisphere's native population?

Native populations were often killed off or driven away by the Europeans

the native population was highly respected in terms of territorial possessions and religious beliefs

the Europeans for the most part did not interact with the native population

Spain was the only European country to successfully create and alliance with the native population

Which of the following shows how Native Americans adapted to an transformed the environment in which they lived?

the creation of large-scale irrigation works to promote the growing of maize

the development of highly structured systems of social stratification

the construction of monuments to nature-based deities

the organization of self-governing confederacies among disparate tribes

As a result of the Columbian Exchange, the New World gained...

new animals as sources of food and to serve as beasts of burden

a significant new source of staple food crops

an influx of gold and silver capital for the construction of new urban centers

advanced medical techniques that extended the life-span of Native Americans

One significant impact of the Columbian Exchange on the Old World was...

the growth of the food supply and subsequent population increase

the introduction of slavery as a significant source of labor for European landowners

the widespread devastation of new diseases among the poor

a drainin gof capital from the royal families and a shift of wealth to the hands of the merchant class

Which of the following served as the initial motivation for Spanish exploration?

the need of new sources of wealth to support the growth of the nation

desires to convert the Native Americans to Catholicism

hopes of establishing permanent colonies for settlement

the desire to beat out European rivals in the land grab for North America

In the view of the encomienda system, Native Americans were seen primarily as...

outcasts to be excluded from Spanish settlement

What aspect of Spanish colonization did missionary Bartolome de Las Casas famously protest?

the treatment of Native Americans as subhuman and expendable

the refusal of explorers to tithe on the wealth they discovered

the lack of missionary zeal among the conquistadors

the focus of the Spanish Crown on Latin America while neglecting the Reconquista at home

What aspect of Spanish colonization did missionary Bartolome de Las Casas famously protest?

the treatment of Native Americans as subhuman and expendable

the refusal of explorers to tithe on the wealth they discovered

the lack of missionary zeal among the conquistadors

the focus of the Spanish Crown on Latin America while neglecting the Reconquista at home

Which of the following characteristics did traditional European, Mayan, and Aztec civilizations of the fifteenth century hold in common?

Each was a hierarchal society in which authority came from above.

In all of these societies, serfdom prevailed.

All of these societies punished heresies harshly.

Each culture maintained a matrilineal inheritance system.

By the mid-1500s, Spain’s main goal in North America was to

maintain its dominance and power in the region.

discover new Indian kingdoms that could be conquered and exploited.

establish colonies of settlement along the Atlantic coast.

control the fur trade of the North American interior.

"The gold and silver mined with forced labor in Mexico and what is now Bolivia constituted a windfall that could have been used to develop Spanish agriculture, industry, and commerce. It could have helped the country catch up with northwestern Europe's more developed economies. But Spain [in the 1500s] was in the grip of a tiny ruling class of royalty, Catholic church hierarchy, and landed aristocracy. Two to three per cent of the population owned 97 per cent of the land in Castile, Spain's heartland. The great landowners had no incentive to modernize Spain. They just wanted to raise more sheep and sell more wool. The environmental degradation that overgrazing vast numbers of sheep entailed seems to have bothered the ruling class no more than the cutting of forests for timber to build ships and provide charcoal to smelt domestic Spanish silver ore. And so, what if the wool went to Holland to be manufactured into cloth rather than being processed in Spain itself. Meanwhile, successes in the new World swelled the Spanish monarchy's ambitions in the Old. The bonanza of bullion from the Americas encouraged Spain's rulers to build up the army into Europe's largest military force, setting off an arms race that forced rivals to multiply their armed forces as well...Hegemonic wars against the French, Dutch, and English followed...The most lasting and far-reaching effect of the increase of money in circulation was to set off a long wave of inflation that spread throughout Western Europe. To be sure, deficit spending on unproductive armies, navies, and wars as well as debasement of coinage by monarchs in search of additional royal revenue contributed to the in-up in prices." (A. Kent MacDougall, University of California, Berkeley, March 1992.)Which of the following best describes a central point of A. Kent MacDougall's argument above?

the successes of Spanish conquest in the New World did not result in a general economic improvement in Spain itself

During the age of exploration and conquest, a growing divide developed in Spain between the Catholic church and the monarchy over the treatment of American Indians

The large-scale migration of Spanish peasants to the new World left Spain with a scarcity of workers and a depressed economy

Spanish conquest of the New World led Spain to focus its military and diplomatic efforts toward subduing resistance in the New World and removing itself from the conflicts of Europe

Prior to European contact, North American Indians were...

distinct societies with different economies and lifestyles

dominated by the Plains Indians, who possessed horses

dominated by the eastern woodland tribes, who possessed firearms

dependent on imports of foodstuffs from Mexican tribes for survival

The Spanish first moved into the North American southwest in an effort to

obtain precious metals (like gold and silver)

strengthen the security of New Spain

"The gold and silver mined with forced labor in Mexico and what is now Bolivia constituted a windfall that could have been used to develop Spanish agriculture, industry, and commerce. It could have helped the country catch up with northwestern Europe's more developed economies. But Spain [in the 1500s] was in the grip of a tiny ruling class of royalty, Catholic church hierarchy, and landed aristocracy. Two to three per cent of the population owned 97 per cent of the land in Castile, Spain's heartland. The great landowners had no incentive to modernize Spain. They just wanted to raise more sheep and sell more wool. The environmental degradation that overgrazing vast numbers of sheep entailed seems to have bothered the ruling class no more than the cutting of forests for timber to build ships and provide charcoal to smelt domestic Spanish silver ore. And so, what if the wool went to Holland to be manufactured into cloth rather than being processed in Spain itself. Meanwhile, successes in the new World swelled the Spanish monarchy's ambitions in the Old. The bonanza of bullion from the Americas encouraged Spain's rulers to build up the army into Europe's largest military force, setting off an arms race that forced rivals to multiply their armed forces as well...Hegemonic wars against the French, Dutch, and English followed...The most lasting and far-reaching effect of the increase of money in circulation was to set off a long wave of inflation that spread throughout Western Europe. To be sure, deficit spending on unproductive armies, navies, and wars as well as debasement of coinage by monarchs in search of additional royal revenue contributed to the in-up in prices." (A. Kent MacDougall, University of California, Berkeley, March 1992.)Concerns raised in Spain in the 1540s about "forced labor in Mexico and what is now Bolivia," mentioned in the first paragraph of MacDougall's article, led to which of the following changes?

limits being placed on the encomienda system and a shift toward African slavery

the growth of the Spanish abolitionist movement and a royal decree ending slavery in the New World

a shift in Spanish economic activities in the new World from export-oriented activities toward production for local consumption

the establishment of a line of demarcation in Spanish-held territories in the New World between areas for American Indians and areas for Spanish colonists

“Millions of years ago, continental drift carried the Old World and New Worlds apart, splitting North and South America from Eurasia and Africa. That separation lasted so long that it fostered divergent evolution; for instance, the development of rattlesnakes on one side of the Atlantic and vipers on the other. After 1492, human voyagers in part reversed this tendency. Their artificial re-establishment of connections through the commingling of Old and New World plants, animals, and bacteria... is one of the more spectacular and significant ecological events of the past millennium. Which of the following was a direct effect of the situation described in the excerpt?

European settlements pushed Native American tribes further and further west.

By 1491, Native Americans had established facilities for manufacturing steel weapons.

European populations were decimated by the introduction of the smallpox microbe from North America

A group of northeastern Indian tribes formed a powerful confederation that was able to successfully resist European encroachment until 1800.

“Millions of years ago, continental drift carried the Old World and New Worlds apart, splitting North and South America from Eurasia and Africa. That separation lasted so long that it fostered divergent evolution; for instance, the development of rattlesnakes on one side of the Atlantic and vipers on the other. After 1492, human voyagers in part reversed this tendency. Their artificial re-establishment of connections through the commingling of Old and New World plants, animals, and bacteria... is one of the more spectacular and significant ecological events of the past millennium. The excerpt could serve as evidence to support the argument that

European overseas expansion resulted in the Columbian Exchange.

new sources of mineral wealth from the Americas facilitated the European shift from feudalism to capitalism.

Indian labor in the economies of Spanish colonies was gradually replaced by African slavery.

native societies responded to the lack of natural resource in the western Great Plains by developing nomadic lifestyles.

“We... landed at day-break, and... went through the woods to ... the place where I left our colony in the year 1586. In all this way we saw in the sand the print of the savages’ feet of 2 or 3 sorts trodden at night, and as we entered up the sandy bank upon a tree, in the very brow thereof were curiously carved these... letters: C R O... At my departure from them in Anno 1587 I willed them, that if they should happen to be distressed in any of those places, that then they should carve over the letters or name a crosse in this form, but we found no such sign of distress. And having well considered of this, we passed toward the place where they were left in sundry houses, but we found the houses taken down, and the place very strongly enclosed with a high palisade of great trees... I greatly joyed that I had safely found a certain token of their safe being at Croatoan, which is the place where Manteo was borne, and the savages of the island our friends.” --‘Return to Roanoake’ John White, 1590 The settlement described in the excerpt above was significant because it was the first

attempt at an English colony in the New World

permanent Spanish settlement in the modern-day US

fortified French settlement in modern-day Canada

Dutch trading post established in New Amsterdam

“We... landed at day-break, and... went through the woods to ... the place where I left our colony in the year 1586. In all this way we saw in the sand the print of the savages’ feet of 2 or 3 sorts trodden at night, and as we entered up the sandy bank upon a tree, in the very brow thereof were curiously carved these... letters: C R O... At my departure from them in Anno 1587 I willed them, that if they should happen to be distressed in any of those places, that then they should carve over the letters or name a crosse in this form, but we found no such sign of distress. And having well considered of this, we passed toward the place where they were left in sundry houses, but we found the houses taken down, and the place very strongly enclosed with a high palisade of great trees... I greatly joyed that I had safely found a certain token of their safe being at Croatoan, which is the place where Manteo was borne, and the savages of the island our friends.” --‘Return to Roanoake’ John White, 1590 The excerpt provides evidence to support the argument that

Europeans were poorly prepared to deal with the realities of constructing settlements in the Americas.

European settlements in the Americas met with immediate economic and political success.

early contacts between Native Americans and Europeans were entirely negative.

Europeans considered Native American societies to be highly civilized.

“...The Brafferton Indian School in at the College of William and Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia... was established so ‘that the Christian faith may be propagated amongst the western Indians, to the glory of almighty God...’ The hope on the part of the founders was that the students would return to their nations and act as agents of ‘civilization’ and Christianization amongst their people. The English had trouble filling the school. As one Iroquois chief politely noted, ‘We must let you know, we love our children too well, to send them so great a way, . . . We allow it to be good, and we thank you for the invitation; but our customs differing from yours, you will be so good as to excuse us.’ Nevertheless, Mattaponis, Pamunkeys, Chickahominys, Nansemonds, and others did attend. Evidence indicates that some tribes sent children for a specific purpose. While the English hoped to create agents for conversion and change amongst the American Indians, the Indians hoped to develop go-betweens or mediators between their people and their white neighbors.” --“the Colonial Virginia Frontier and International Native American Diplomacy” William White, published 2011 The excerpt demonstrates which of the following continuities in American History between the 15th and early 20th centuries?

efforts to assimilate minority groups

European territorial displacement of Native Americans

violations of treaties with Native Americans

efforts to promote the autonomy of minority groups

“This western discovery will be greatly for the enlargement of the gospel of Christ whereunto the princes of the reformed religion are chiefly bound... Then it is necessary for the salvation of those poor people who have sat so long in darkness and in the shadow of death that preachers should be sent unto them. . . . Now the means to send such as shall labor effectually in this business is by planting one or two colonies of our nation upon that firm [land], where they may remain in safety, and first learn the language of the people near adjoining... and by little and little acquaint themselves with their manner and so with discretion and mildness distill into their purged minds the sweet and lively lines of the gospel: Otherwise for preachers to run unto them rashly without some such preparation for their safety, it [might lead to] their apparent and certain destruction...” --Discourse of Western Planting Richard Hakluyt, 1584 The excerpt above provides support for the argument that

European exploration and conquest were fueled by a desire for new sources of wealth, increased power and status, and converts to Christianity.

the introduction of new crops and livestock by the Spanish had far-reaching effects on economic, social, and political development in the Western Hemisphere.

new sources of mineral wealth from the Americas facilitated the European shift from feudalism to capitalism.

in spite of slavery, Africans’ cultural adaptations to the Western Hemisphere resulted in varying degrees of cultural preservation and autonomy.

“...We are a company professing ourselves fellow members of Christ... It is by a mutual consent, through a special overvaluing providence and a more than an ordinary approbation of the churches of Christ, to seek out a place of cohabitation and consortship under a due form of government both civil and ecclesiastical. In such cases as this, the care of the public must oversway all private respects... For it is a true rule that particular estates cannot subsist in the ruin of the public. We see [our goals as] extraordinary, therefore we must not content ourselves with usual ordinary means. Whatsoever we did, or ought to have done, when we lived in England, the same must we do, and more also, where we go. That which the most in their churches maintain as truth in profession only, we must bring into familiar and constant practice... We must bear one another’s burdens. We must not look only on our own things, but also on the things of our brethren.” --A Model of Christian Charity John Winthrop, governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony, 1630 Winthrop’s point of view reflects the:

differences in motives for settling the New England colonies and colonies further to the south.

influence of European Enlightenment ideas regarding religious toleration.

similarity of motives for the establishment of all thirteen British colonies.

motives of early settlers in the Chesapeake Bay colonies.

Columbian Exchange & Impact

Named after Christopher Columbus, it exchanged many different things like plants, animals, culture, technology, diseases, and ideas between the Old World and New World in the 15th and 16th century.

Crops like corn and potatoes that helped end the famines back in the old world.

Was a trade network to the Americas bringing new plants, diseases that wiped out many Native Americans, they also brought animals like horses that made a huge difference, and technologies like guns giving Europeans the advantage.

An exchange for gold, god, and glory.

A human of mixed race, especially one having Spanish and Native American descent.

A human of mixed race, especially one having Spanish and African descent.

A human of mixed race, especially one having Spanish and American descent.

What was the source of slaves prior to European contact?

Slaves in Africa were a result of people being taken as prisoners of war.

Slaves in Africa were a result of parents selling their children into slavery.

People were made slaves in Africa as a result of racial differences between different groups.

There were absolutely no slaves in Africa prior to European contact.

What event ignited European Imperialism in Africa?

The voyage of Christopher Columbus

How did European colonization in Africa impact trade & European economies?

European nations hoped to gain raw materials & natural resources from the African colonies.

European nations hoped to gain a source of cheap labor to work in their factories.

European nations hoped to gain economic allies in Africa to help with free trade.

European nations hoped to spread Christianity to Africa.

Unit 1 -APUSH

Authored by Liesl Bailey

History, Geography

11th Grade

Used 119+ times

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55 questions

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

2 mins • 1 pt

The treatment of the Native Americans by the Spanish conquistadors can be described as

leaving little of Spanish culture.

at times brutal and exploitative.

firm but fair.

scornful of intermarriage.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

2 mins • 1 pt

The Christian crusaders were indirectly responsible for the discovery of America because they

were victorious over the Muslims.

returned with captured Muslim maps showing the North and South American continents.

succeeded in establishing improved business relations between Muslims and Christians.

brought back news of valuable Far Eastern spices, drugs, and silk.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

1 min • 1 pt

Both the Aztec and Inca empires were

rural and poor

small in population, but sophisticated in infrastructure

large, wealthy, and sophisticated

large in geographical size, but sparsely populated

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

1 min • 1 pt

How were Native Americans impacted by the Age of Exploration?

They became rich from trading

They used modern technology to farm more land

Many died from disease, slavery, and war

They were able to use written language to become successful

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

3 mins • 1 pt

At the time of Columbus' voyage to N. America which of the following was true?

There were, likely, over 100 million natives in the Americas.

There were, likely, less than 10 million natives in the Americas.

There were significanlty more natives south of the current United States' border than north of it.

Slavbes had begun to arrive in S. America but not N. America.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

England's victory over the Spanish Armada gave it

control of the Spanish colonies in the New World

naval dominance of the Atlantic Ocean and vibrant sense of nationalism

a stable social order and economy

effective control of the African slave trade

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

England's first colony at Jamestown

was an immediate economic success

was saved from failure by John Smith's leadership and by JOhn Rolfe's introduction of tobacco

enjoyed the strong and continual support of King James I

depended on the introduction of African slave labor for its survival

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