1.2 Quiz/Review

Imani is investigating soil erosion (the process of soil being removed from an area). They want to know if adding more plants will affect soil erosion. They set up models of two areas: a well planted area and an area with no plants. Imani then poured water through each to see how much soil was washed away in each model. Finally, after the water is poured through the model Imain observes if the water that leaves the model is clear or muddy with soil that was eroded.

What is a limitation of this model?

• It will not show how plants affect soil erosion in an area.

• It can’t be used for scientific observation because it is too simple

• It is impossible to determine how much soil erosion occured in each model.

• It does not show what would happen in a larger area with more water and bigger plants.

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Joel and Rashad are trying to investigate the speed of sound. They each conduct and experiment independently. Their data and conclusions are shown below.

Which statement below accurately describes the results of Joel and Rashad?

• Joel’s experimental results were more accurate than Rashad’s since he had more trials than Rashad’s experiment.

• Joel’s experimental results and Rashad’s experimental results were both invalidated since their results were very different.

• Joel’s experiment determined the speed of sound in air and Rashad’s experiment results determined the speed of sound in water.

• Joel’s experimental results and Rashad’s experimental results were not able to determine the speed of sound anywhere since each trial was at a different temperature.

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The graph below shows the energy usage each month for a home in Florida during 2019.

Which statement best explains the energy usage in Florida during 2019?

• The kilowatt hours decrease throughout the year.

• The kilowatt-hours increase from April to August and then they decrease until December.

• The kilowatt hours increase from the beginning of the year until August and then they decrease.

• The kilowatt hours decrease from January to April and then increase until the end of the year.

Sir Isaac Newton developed the Law of Universal Gravitation, stating that all objects fall toward Earth because of gravity. After an apple fell on Newton’s head as he sat under an apple tree, Newton used this experience to test his idea of gravity. Which of the following statements is the most accurate explanation about how scientists gain knowledge from the natural world?

• Conducted without interference, and an experiment is conducted by controlling variables

• An investigation involves the control of variables, and an experiment involves inferences made by observations.

• An experiment is the only method accepted by the Science community to provide answers to questions about the natural world.

• An investigation is the collection of data through observations, whereas an experiment establishes cause and effect relationships.

After reading a science article on how mass affects acceleration. Jacklyn wonders if what the scientist found was correct. She decides to try the experiment herself. She makes sure to follow the steps exactly as the article reported the original scientist did. Which of the following

best explains why the original scientist published all the steps of his experiment?

• to show other scientists the importance of taking detailed notes

• to allow other scientists to replicate their results

• to demonstrate how many times their experiment has been replicated

• to encourage the scientific community to use their methods

Dr. Jones conducted an investigation in which eight college students recorded how many hours they exercised every week and measured their pulse (beats per minute) while they were resting. He recorded the data on the graph below.

Dr. Jones concluded that in order to achieve a lower resting pulse college students should increase the amount they exercise. Which evidence from below can Dr. Jones include to defend his conclusion?

• The college students that exercised had the lowest resting pulse.

• The college students that exercised 20 hours a week had the lowest resting pulse.

• The college students that exercised less than 16 hours a week had the lowest resting pulse.

• The college students that exercised between 16 and 20 hours a week had the lowest resting pulse.

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Leon recently learned about biofuels and he wondered if gasoline really did have higher carbon emissions that biofuels. In order to find the answer to his question Leon decided to design his own experiment. Leon formed a hypothesis, recorded his procedures, and began conducting his experiment. After completing the experiment Leon analyzed the data he had collected to

draw his conclusion. He then shared his findings with Jada and asked her to replicate his experiment.

Which of the following best explains why it is necessary for Leon to have Jada replicate his experiment?

• It is important to replicate an experiment so that the hypothesis can be proven.

• It is important to replicate an experiment to make sure his procedures are easy to follow.

• It is important to replicate an experiment to make sure he followed the same steps as other scientists.

• It is important to replicate an experiment to identify possible errors, verify results and validate the experimental design.

Juan gives his mom some flowers as a gift. He places them in an empty vase on a table. His older sister Marie sees him do this and explains that the flowers will need water to keep their cells healthy which will keep the flowers looking beautiful for a longer period of time. Juan still seems confused as the flowers don’t have any roots to take in water. Marie shows Juan the image below to show how all flowers are made of plants cells and that there is a large space in the cell for the water needed by the flowers.

How did showing the model of a cell help Juan?

• It shows an object that was too small to see.

• It shows why water is needed by all living organisms.

• It shows how plants may have looked a long time ago.

• It shows how a plant moves water from its roots to the flowers.

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Jamil and Anne are collecting data on rainfall in their neighborhood. They are trying to determine how much it rains each week in their neighborhood. Each student’s data is shown below.

Which statement best compares the investigation methods used by Jamal and Anne?

• Jamal’s investigation produced more accurate data

• Anne’s investigation gives a clearer picture of the weather.

• Jamal’s investigation does not answer determine the amount of rain in the neighborhood, but Anne’s does.

• Anne’s investigation allows more students to conduct the same investigation to verify her

  results, while Jamal’s method is not replicable.

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The table below shows data collected by Mr. Messier's students on the effect of sunlight on plant growth. They used three identical plants and planted in the same type of soil. They watered them daily with the same amount of water.

During the lab debrief some students are referring to their process as an investigation while other say it is an experiment. Which statement accurately describes the scientific process they used?

• Since their data is measured it is an experiment.

• Since there are controlled variables this would be considered an experiment.

• Because they discussed their results this would be considered an investigation.

• Because they made observations of plant growth this would be considered an investigation.

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