A student compares a skin cell from the upper layer of skin to one from a deeper layer of the skin. The student observes that the upper skin cell has no organelles and is thinner than the skin cell from the deeper layer. Why is the difference in skin cell structures an important feature for the function of skin?

C. Skin cells in the upper layer of skin are lost easily and do not perform cellular activities for the body like skin cells in deeper layers.

A. Skin cells deeper in the body are in contact with more organs and do not replicate to allow the surface to stay in place.

B. Skin cells need to divide actively at the uppermost layer to cover the large surface area of a person’s body.

D. Skin cells in the upper layer of skin require more energy to remain on the body and need a hollow cavity to store nutrients, unlike skin cells in deeper layers.

Which table shows a difference between the two cells due to their cellular structures?

Muscle Cell: can divide; Nerve Cell: is unable to divide

Muscle Cell: can produce a small amount of energy; Nerve Cell: can produce a large amount of energy

Muscle Cell: has a rigid cell structure; Nerve Cell: has a cell structure that can move freely

Muscle Cell: can produce proteins; Nerve Cell: is unable to produce proteins

The diagram shows a sperm cell and an egg cell. The mitochondria in the egg cell are distributed randomly; however, in sperm cells, mitochondria are concentrated near the base of the tail. What could be the likely reason for the location of mitochondria in sperm cells?

It supplies energy to the sperm cells’ tail for rapid movement.

It provides the shape of the sperm cells’ tail.

It adds more weight to the tail to make the sperm cells move in a single direction.

It helps prevent the spreading of genetic material throughout the sperm cells.

What occurs during the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis?

Sugar is created from carbon dioxide.

Water is released as a product.

Sunlight is captured by the chloroplast.

Oxygen is converted into water.

A student creates two identical terrariums as shown in the diagram. Terrarium 1 is placed in a yard where it receives sunlight, and terrarium 2 is placed in a dark closet. Which terrarium will have larger plants at the end of two weeks, and why?

Terrarium 1; the plants have access to light to complete photosynthesis.

Terrarium 1; the plants have access to rain to flood the terrarium.

Terrarium 2; the plants are protected from predators.

Terrarium 2; the plants are in a location with stable temperatures.

Which statement explains how energy is transferred during photosynthesis?

Light energy is converted into stored chemical energy.

Heat energy is converted into stored chemical energy.

Chemical energy is released as light energy.

Light energy is released as heat energy.

A student designs an experiment to determine how photosynthesis is impacted by environmental conditions. In the experiment, the student grows two small plants, which were produced from the same plant, in two different growth chambers (A and B). The growth chambers allow the student to control different variables. The student sets the amounts of water and gases to be constant but sets Growth Chamber A to have 6 hours of light, while Growth Chamber B has 14 hours of light. The student grows the plants for three months and records the heights every week in a table. Which assessment is justified by the data?

The longer daily exposure to light allowed the plant in Growth Chamber B to produce more sugars, causing it to increase in size faster than the plant in Growth Chamber A.

The shorter daily exposure to light caused the plant in Growth Chamber A to produce more sugars and grow at a slower rate than the plant in Growth Chamber B.

Due to the limited amount of water being provided to both growth chambers, the plant in Growth Chamber A had to produce more energy to produce additional light to have the same growth rate.

As the amount of light changed between the growth chambers, the plants were both able to produce sugars, but the plant in Growth Chamber B was able to produce additional light and sugars.

Which conclusion provides evidence for how the environment changes for the bacteria after the pump breaks?

The environment becomes more anaerobic because the amount of oxygen decreases, causing an increase in ethanol.

The environment becomes more aerobic because the amount of carbon dioxide increases, while glucose levels decrease.

The environment becomes more anaerobic because carbon dioxide and glucose continue to be present after the pump breaks.

The environment becomes more aerobic because glucose and oxygen continue to be present after the pump breaks.

Which statement correctly explains the chemical process of cellular respiration?

Bonds in glucose are broken down, and the energy is used to form new ATP molecules.

Bonds in oxygen are broken down, and the energy is used to break bonds in ATP molecules.

Bonds in water are broken down, and the energy is used to form new ATP molecules.

Bonds in carbon dioxide are broken down, and the energy is used to break bonds in ATP molecules.

Which hypothesis would be supported by the experiments?

The bacterial species will only survive in the test tube with the oil layer on top because the cells will only produce energy through anaerobic respiration.

The bacterial species will survive in both experiments because the bacterial species can use anaerobic and aerobic respiration to survive.

The bacterial species will survive the best in the experiment with the tube delivering oxygen because all bacterial species produce the most energy when oxygen is present using aerobic respiration.

The bacterial species will survive in both experiments because the amount of oxygen will not prevent the bacterial species from producing energy through anaerobic respiration.

Which routine and evidence statement identifies a person’s body is maintaining aerobic respiration while exercising?

Routine A; the lactate levels remain the same throughout the exercise.

Routine A; the breaths per minute increase to absorb more carbon dioxide.

Routine B; the oxygen intake levels are increasing during exercise.

Routine B; the heartbeats per minute are the highest, moving more oxygen in the body.

The carbon flux is the exchange of carbon between the environment and different locations or sources. The model shows the gigatons (GT) of carbon per year moving through different sources. Which source acts as a carbon sink, and why?

Vegetation; it stores more carbon from the atmosphere than it releases.

Ocean; it releases more carbon into the atmosphere than it stores.

Land use; it releases more carbon into the atmosphere than it stores.

Fossil fuels; they store more carbon from the atmosphere than they release.

The graph shows the change in the global temperature from 1960 to 2008 in response to the changing carbon dioxide concentration. Based on the graph, a student claims that atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration affects the global temperature. Is the claim made by the student supported by the data?

Yes. Global temperature increases as carbon dioxide concentration increases.

Yes. Global temperature decreases as carbon dioxide concentration increases.

No. Global temperature increases as carbon dioxide concentration remains the same.

No. Global temperature remains the same as carbon dioxide concentration increases.

Based on the data, what type of environments are Solutions 1 and 2?

Solution 1: hypertonic; Solution 2: hypotonic

Solution 1: isotonic; Solution 2: hypotonic

Solution 1: hypotonic; Solution 2: isotonic

Solution 1: hypotonic; Solution 2: hypertonic

The student researches how celery plants can use sucrose. The student reads that sucrose is a large, complex molecule that can be broken down into smaller molecules inside the cell. Due to its size, sucrose is not easily moved across the cellular membrane. If the student wants to build a model of sucrose entering the cell, what type of cellular transport should be chosen, and why?

Active transport; the cell would have to use energy to move the sucrose into the cell due to its large size.

Passive transport; after sucrose enters the cell, it breaks down, causing a low concentration of sucrose inside the cell.

Active transport; the cell would have to rely on another cell to move the sucrose inside.

Passive transport; the cell would have to move the sucrose into the cell when another nutrient is moving across the membrane.

A student creates a model to show how red blood cells react when placed in solutions with differing solute concentrations. Based on the size of the arrows, into what type of solution is each red blood cell placed?

X: isotonic; Y: hypotonic; Z: hypertonic

X: hypertonic; Y: isotonic; Z: hypotonic

X: hypotonic; Y: hypertonic; Z: isotonic

X: isotonic; Y: hypertonic; Z: hypotonic

A researcher is testing a new material that simulates the cell membrane. The researcher designs an experiment to test the material by dividing different solutions on two sides (A and B) in a beaker. The table shows the design of the experiment. After 30 minutes, the students observe that side A increases in volume and both sides have the same glucose concentration. Which type of transport is performed through the material, and what evidence statement supports that transport type?

Passive transport; the volume of liquid increases on Side A.

Active transport; the volume of liquid increases on Side A.

Active transport; both sides test positive for glucose.

Passive transport; both sides test positive for glucose.

Which is true about the cell cycle model?

Interphase is the longest phase of mitosis.

The longest phase of G1 is prophase.

Chromosomes in a cell are repaired during M phase.

The amount of DNA in a cell doubles during prophase.

Which part of the cell cycle is correctly paired with its description?

S phase; the cell is duplicating its DNA.

G phase; the cell is actively dividing.

G2 phase; the cell is absorbing nutrients to prepare for duplication of DNA.

M phase; the cell is replenishing the nutrients lost during the earlier growth phase.

The image shows a cheek cell seen through a microscope. Which part of the cell cycle is the cheek cell experiencing?

The cell is in metaphase because the chromosomes are all lined up in the center of the cell.

The cell is in the G1 phase because there are clearly defined chromosomes.

The cell is in anaphase because the spindle fibers have attached to the chromosomes.

The cell is in the S phase because the chromosomes have doubled in number.

The model shows two rounds of cell division used to produce skin cells. Which addition to the model can be used to show the relationship between all the skin cells?

The genetic material can be added to show it is identical at the end of cell division.

The cell membrane can be labeled to show when a cell splits.

The new cells can be shaded to show they are different from each other.

The starting nucleus can be added to show it remains unchanged during cell division.

Which part of the DNA molecule contains the information for an organism’s traits?

The sugars found in the backbone

The bonds that hold the DNA molecule together

Which statement about genes is true?

Genes determine traits seen in an organism.

All parts within genes are transcribed into proteins.

The segments of genes that are not used to make proteins are removed during replication.

Genes are large segments of chromosomes found on a DNA molecule.

The model represents DNA replication in a cell. What can likely be concluded about the DNA strands?

The old strands of DNA are used as a template for building new strands.

The new strands of DNA form a double helix with each other.

The old strands of DNA rejoin after the process of replication.

The new strands of DNA are a random sequence of base pairs.

The diagram shows the process of DNA replication. How is the parental DNA strand used in replication?

Both of the parental DNA strands act as a template to make two genetically identical daughter DNA strands.

Only one of the parental DNA strands acts as a template to make two different daughter DNA strands.

Only one of the parental DNA strands acts as a template to make two identical daughter DNA strands.

Both of the parental DNA strands act as a template to make two genetically different daughter DNA strands.

Which are two differences between the aphid populations that are capable of both sexual and asexual reproduction compared to populations that can only reproduce asexually?

Aphid populations that use both sexual and asexual reproduction produce offspring with greater genetic variation than those only using asexual reproduction.

Aphid populations that use both sexual and asexual reproduction can form gametes, unlike those only using asexual reproduction.

Aphid populations that use both sexual and asexual reproduction produce offspring that cannot reproduce, unlike those only using asexual reproduction.

Aphid populations that use both sexual and asexual reproduction can reproduce in different temperatures than those only using asexual reproduction.

Aphid populations that use both sexual and asexual reproduction can reproduce with fewer resources than those only using asexual reproduction.

Which question can a scientist ask to determine whether a population of aphids reproduces both sexually and asexually or only through asexual reproduction?

How often do aphids in the population undergo meiosis?

On which plants do the aphids in the population feed?

What predators threaten the aphids in the population?

What is the average age of aphids in the population when they reproduce?

A student creates a model of healthy sperm cells being produced. How can the model be improved?

Cell 1 chromosomes can overlap to show crossing over of genetic material.

Cells 4 through 7 can all have the same genetic material as cell 1 to show independent assortment.

Cell 2 can have the same genetic material as cell 1, and cell 3 can be empty to show unequal transfer.

Cell 1 can have a single chromosome that is replicated four times.

Patau syndrome is a chromosomal abnormality that causes severe intellectual disability and physical defects. Based on this karyotype, what confirms the condition of Patau syndrome?

the presence of an extra chromosome 13

the absence of the Y chromosome

the absence of chromosome pair 23

the presence of an extra X chromosome

The image shows the karyotype of an individual. Which question will determine if the individual has a genetic disorder?

Do the first 22 chromosomes each have a homologous pair?

How many genes are on chromosome 3?

Which chromosomes were inherited from the individual’s mother?

Is the karyotype for a genetic male?

Examine the karyotype. What diagnosis would a geneticist make if presented with the information revealed through the karyotype shown?

The results show a male with trisomy 21 (Down syndrome).

The results show a female with trisomy 21 (Down syndrome).

The results show a male with no chromosomal defects.

The results show a female with no chromosomal defects.

The image shows the white and black coloring of a Himalayan rabbit that was raised at temperatures below 20°C. Himalayan rabbits raised at temperatures above 30°C are entirely white. Which is the best explanation for why these rabbits have differences in their appearances?

Exposure to cold temperatures changes the expression of the genes to produce the black fur.

Exposure to cold temperatures eliminates the genes that produce the black fur.

White fur helps rabbits survive better in cold environments.

White fur is a dominant trait that is passed on from parents to offspring.

The graph shows the progress of a reaction in the presence and in the absence of an enzyme. Which is true about the role of the enzyme in the reaction?

The enzyme yields the same amount of product while using less energy.

The enzyme increases the energy needed to start the reaction.

The enzyme increases the amount of products made from the reaction.

The enzyme slows down the reaction to ensure that substrates are used efficiently.

The model shows the functioning of an enzyme at two different temperatures. Why is less product produced at 42°C?

The structure of the enzyme changes at the higher temperature.

The type of product changes at the higher temperature.

The type of substrate changes at the higher temperature.

The structure of the substrate changes at the higher temp.

24/25 Benchmark 2 Review

Quiz

•

Biology

•

10th Grade

•

Practice Problem

•

Hard

•

NGSS

HS-LS3-1, HS-LS1-4, HS-LS1-5

+22

Standards-aligned

JAMIE CASTEEL

Used 2+ times

FREE Resource

Student preview

55 questions

Show all answers

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

The model shows a virus that commonly infects bacteria. Which observation indicates the virus is nonliving?

The virus has genetic material.

The virus has a protective outer layer.

The virus contains proteins.

The virus lacks cellular organelles.

MULTIPLE SELECT QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which two features best define a nematode as a living thing?

The nematode body is made entirely of cells.

The nematode body has carbon and oxygen throughout its body.

The nematode can respond to stimuli and move away.

The nematode can be found in soil or water.

The nematode has DNA as its genetic code.

Which summary is best supported by the data?

Subject 1 is a living thing because it remains brown the entire time, and its surface temperature changes over the course of the experiment.

Subject 1 is a living thing because it can float in water, and it has crickets crawling on top of it over the course of the experiment.

Subject 2 is a living thing because it remains green the entire time, and it changes temperature over the course of the experiment.

Subject 2 is a living thing because it moves under a rock when the glass is tapped, and it feeds on the crickets over the course of the experiment.

A student creates a list of traits about an organism. Which two traits are also found in a virus?

has a genome

is made of organic molecules

can reproduce on its own

is made of cells

can move on its own

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which information supports the idea that the virus responsible for the Spanish flu is nonliving?

The virus killed millions of people around the world.

The virus is very similar to other influenza viruses found today.

The virus easily spreads between individuals.

The virus increases the number of viral particles only in organisms.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

The model shows differentiation of stem cells with activated genes (+) and repressed genes (-) for three different cell types. Which statement explains the model?

A. All cells with the same active gene are identical to one another.

B. The cells with the same repressed gene will be identical to one another.

C. As the stem cell is differentiating, the genes will activate one at a time to produce a new cell.

D. As different genes are activated or repressed, a cell will form with different characteristics.

The table compares a tenocyte, a cell that makes up a tendon, with a muscle cell. Which claim is supported by the data?

A. The muscle cell produces much more energy than the tenocyte.

B. The muscle cell can hold more genetic information than the tenocyte.

C. The muscle cell produces fewer sugars than the tenocyte.

D. The muscle cell can store fewer molecules than the tenocyte.

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24/25 Benchmark 2 Review

55 questions

The model shows a virus that commonly infects bacteria. Which observation indicates the virus is nonliving?

Which two features best define a nematode as a living thing?

Which summary is best supported by the data?

A student creates a list of traits about an organism. Which two traits are also found in a virus?

Which information supports the idea that the virus responsible for the Spanish flu is nonliving?

The model shows differentiation of stem cells with activated genes (+) and repressed genes (-) for three different cell types. Which statement explains the model?

The table compares a tenocyte, a cell that makes up a tendon, with a muscle cell. Which claim is supported by the data?

Which two organelles when present help identify a cell as a plant cell instead of an animal cell?

Which table shows a difference between the two cells due to their cellular structures?

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