The Growth of Cities and American Culture,1865-1900 Chapter 18 AMSCO

In the chart above, the "new immigrants" include those who arrived in the United States from

• northern and western Europe

• southern and eastern Europe

• Latin America

• Asia

Which of the following most likely explains the significant reduction of immigration during the 1870s and 1890s to the United States?

• Conflicts between the "old" and "new" immigrants.

• Competition for jobs from Asian immigrations.

• Financial panics and depressions.

• Military conflicts in Europe.

"Today three-fourths of its [New York's] people live in tenements ...."If it shall appear that the sufferings and the sins of the 'other half,' and the evil they breed, are but as a just punishment upon the community that gave it no

other choice, it will be because that is the truth .... In the tenements all the influences make for evil; because they are the hotbeds of the epidemics that carry death to rich and poor alike; the nurseries of pauperism and crime that fill our jails and police courts; that throw off a scum of forty thousand human wrecks to the island asylums and workhouses year by year; that turned out in the last eight years around half million beggars to prey upon our charities; that maintain a standing army of ten thousand tramps with all that that implies; because above all, they touch the family life with deadly moral contagion .... "

-Jacob A. Riis, journalist, How the Other Half Lives, 1890.

Which phrase best summarizes what Riis considers the cause of the problems he sees?

• "are but as a just punishment upon the community"

• "In the tenements all the influences make for evil"

• "throw off a scum of forty thousand human wrecks"

• "touch the family life with deadly moral contagion"

During the late 19th century, which of the following groups most benefited from the poverty described by Riis?

• Salvation Army

• Political machines

• Social Darwinists

• Social scientists

Which group would be most likely to oppose government intervention to improve the tenements?

• Social scientists who used the scientific method to research poverty and urban problems

• State governments in which representative districts were determined by area, not population

• Protestant clergy who espoused the cause of social justice for the poor

• Leaders and workers who provided services in the settlement house movement

"I stand before you tonight under indictment for the alleged crime of having voted at the last presidential election, without having a lawful right to vote. It shall be my work this evening to prove to you that in thus voting, I not only

committed no crime, but, instead, simply exercised my citizen's rights, guaranteed to me and all United States citizens by the National Constitution, beyond the power of any state to deny .... Are women persons? And I hardly believe any of our opponents will have the hardihood to say they are not. Being persons, then, women are citizens; and no state has a right to make any law, or to enforce any old law, that shall abridge their privileges or immunities. Hence,

every discrimination against women in the constitutions and laws of the several states is today null and void, precisely as is every one against Negroes."

-Susan B. Anthony, "Is It a Crime for a Citizen of the

United States to Vote?" 1873.

Susan B. Anthony was arrested and fined $100 for casting an illegal vote in the presidential election of 1872. She refused to pay the fine. Her protest was most similar to which of the following?

• The dumping of chests of British tea into the Boston harbor by colonists disguised as American Indians.

• The jailing of Henry David Thoreau for not paying taxes for what he considered an immoral war.

• The federal suit to free the slave Dred Scott after he resided in a free state.

• The raid of abolitionists led by John Brown on the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry.

Susan B. Anthony's arguments for women's suffrage can best be understood in the context of

• Marbury vs Madison

• Monroe Doctrine

• The Reconstruction Amendments

• The America Protective Association

Anthony targeted the states as the parts of government discriminating against women primarily for which of the following reasons?

• Except for the 14th and 15th amendments, the United States Constitution left the power to the states to determine who could vote.

• She believed that all states were in violation of federal voting laws.

• The states established marriage laws and at the time these laws kept women in an inferior legal position to men

• The federal government already supported suffrage for women.