Ap Science Unit 1

Six white-tailed deer and six sika deer were enclosed in a pasture for observation during an eight-year study in central Texas. White-tailed deer are a native species to central Texas, while sika deer are a nonnative species to central Texas. White-tailed deer feed on flowering plants and the tips of trees and shrubs but do not eat grass. Sika deer feed on flowering plants, the tips of trees and shrubs, and grass. All other grazing animals were kept out of the pasture during the study. The number of sika deer more than doubled after the eight years, while the population of white-tailed deer decreased by 50 percent.

• The ska deer are generalists, while the white-tailed deer are specialists.

• The sika deer out competed the white-tailed deer in consuming flowering plants and shrubs.

• Parasites infected the sika deer population but did not infect the white-tailed deer population.

• Change in the local climate reduced the availability of food resources for the white-tailed deer population.

In reef ecosystems, corals often have microalgae living inside them. The algae supply the corals with nutrients, and the coral give shelter to the algae. Which of the following interactions best describes the relationship between the corals and the algae?

• Competition

• Predation

• Mutualism

• Parasitism

Which of the following best describes an example of resource partitioning in an ecosystem?

• Two different bird species feed from the same oak tree; one eats acorns, and the other eats insects in the bark.

• A tick uses a white-tailed deer as its host, consuming the deer’s blood as food.

• Two individuals from the same population of barn owls hunt for the same species of mouse during the night.

• A mason bee pollinates a variety of flowers in a botanical garden.

Which of the following describes the most likely change to terrestrial biomes resulting from warmer average global temperatures?

• The global distribution of midlatitude biomes, such as grasslands and temperate rain forests, would increase.

• Deciduous trees found in temperate seasonal forests would flower later in the year.

• The latitude range of tropical rain forests would narrow closer to the equator.

• High-latitude biomes, such as the tundra, would experience a decrease in net primary productivity.

Which of the following terrestrial biomes has the highest net primary productivity?

• Desert

• Tropical Rain Forest

• Taiga

• Savanna

Which of the following terrestrial biomes has the highest primary productivity per unit area?

• Desert

• Tropical Rain Forest

• Boreal Forest

• Savanna

This biome contains a nutrient-rich environment created by falling leaves and trapped organic materials from the large trees, and it provides the ecosystem service of filtering pollutants from water.

• Coral reefs

• Freshwater wetlands

• Open ocean

• Rivers

This biome is found in shallow waters off the coastline and is Earth’s most biologically diverse marine biome.

• Coral reefs

• Freshwater wetlands

• Open ocean

• Rivers

This freshwater biome is characterized by fast-flowing water that can originate from underground springs or runoff, which carries sediment and organic material.

• Coral reefs

• Freshwater wetlands

• Open ocean

• Rivers

Which of the boxes represent a carbon source?

• a

• b

• c

• d