Elements and principles of art and design

What element of art has greater length than width and can be thick or thin, straight or curved, horizontal, vertical or diagonal etc.

• Space

• Line

• Shape

• Color

Light reflected off objects. This element has three main characteristics: hue, value and intensity.

• Form

• Texture

• Color

• Value

The repeating of an object or symbol all over a work of art.

• Repetition/Pattern

• Balance

• Emphasis

• Shape

The difference in two related elements.

• Movement/rhythm

• Contrast/Variety

• Line

• Balance

The distribution of the visual weight of objects, colors, texture and space.

• Form

• Balance

• Unity

• Scale

The area between and around objects. Can be positive or negative.

• Unity

• Contrast

• Value

• Space

A closed line. Can be geometric or organic.

• Movements

• Emphasis

• Shape

• Form

Surface quality that can be seen or felt. Can be real or implied

• Texture

• Form

• Proportion

• Line

A three-dimensional shape expressing length, width, and depth.

• Shape

• Contrast

• Form

• hue

The lightness or darkness of tones or colors.

• Emphasis

• Color

• Value

• Contrast