Learning Review

You always rattle the box of dog biscuits, before giving your dog a treat. As you do so, your dog salivates. Rattling the box is a ____; your dog's salivation is a _____.

• CS; CR

• CS: UR

• US; CR

• US; UR

Jack finally takes out the garbage in order to get his father to stop pestering him. Jack's behavior is being influenced by

• positive reinforcement.

• negative reinforcement.

• a primary reinforcer.

• punishment.

Mrs. Ramirez often tells her children that it is important to buckle their seat belts while riding in the car, but she rarely does so herself. Her children will probably learn to

• use their seat belts and tell others it is important to do so.

• use their seat belts but not tell others it is important to do so.

• tell others it is important to use seat belts but rarely use them themselves.

• neither tell others that seat belts are important nor use them.

Identify the CS: "As a child, you were playing in the yard one day when a neighbor's cat wander over. Your mother (who has a terrible fear of animals) screamed and snatched you into her arms. Her behavior caused you to cry. You now have a fear of cats.

• your mother's behavior

• your crying

• the cat

• your fear today

Identify the US: "As a child, you were playing in the yard one day when a neighbor's cat wander over. Your mother (who has a terrible fear of animals) screamed and snatched you into her arms. Her behavior caused you to cry. You now have a fear of cats.

• your mother's behavior

• your crying

• the cat

• your fear today

Identify the CR: "As a child, you were playing in the yard one day when a neighbor's cat wander over. Your mother (who has a terrible fear of animals) screamed and snatched you into her arms. Her behavior caused you to cry. You now have a fear of cats.

• your mother's behavior

• your crying

• the cat

• your fear today

Identify the UR: "As a child, you were playing in the yard one day when a neighbor's cat wander over. Your mother (who has a terrible fear of animals) screamed and snatched you into her arms. Her behavior caused you to cry. You now have a fear of cats.

• your mother's behavior

• your crying

• the cat

• your fear today

The manager of a manufacturing plant wishes to use positive reinforcement to increase the productivity of workers. Which of the following procedures would probably be the most effective?

• Deserving employees are given a general merit bonus at the end of each fiscal year.

• A productivity goal that seems attainable, yet is unrealistic, is set for each employee.

• Employees are given immediate bonuses for specific behaviors related to productivity.

• Employees who fail to meet standards of productivity receive pay cuts.

After watching coverage of the Olympics on television recently, Lynn and Susan have been staging their own "summer games." Which of the following best accounts for their behavior?

• classical conditioning

• observational learning

• latent learning

• shaping

Two groups of rats receive classical conditioning trials in which a tone and electric shock are presented. For Group 1 the electric shock always follows the tone. For Group 2 the tone and shock occur randomly. Which of the following is likely to result?

• The tone will become a CS for Group 1 but not for Group 2.

• The tone will become a CS for Group 2 but not for Group 1.

• The tone will become a CS for both groups.

• The tone will not become a CS for either group.