5th Grade Benchmark Review 1

Jackson, Priya, and Hannah went on a field trip to a river. They noticed some sediment deposited at the mouth of the river. What is this type of sediment deposit called?

• delta

• fault

• earthquake

• sand dune

Answer explanation

The correct answer is 'delta'. When a river flows into an open body of water such as a sea, the sediment carried by the river is deposited at the mouth forming a delta. The other options 'fault', 'earthquake', and 'sand dune' are not related to river sediment deposits.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

During a geography class, Maya, Zoe, and Samuel were discussing the structure of the Earth. Samuel asked, 'What is the term for the molten rock that exists under Earth's crust?'

• Magma

• Lava

• Lithosphere

• Mantle

Answer explanation

In the given question, Samuel asked about the term for the molten rock beneath Earth's crust. The correct answer is 'Magma'. Magma refers to molten or semi-molten rock located under the Earth's crust. It is a mixture of molten or semi-molten rock, volatiles and solids that is found beneath the surface of the Earth. Lava, Lithosphere, and Mantle do not correctly fit the description in the question.

David, Benjamin, and Luna went on a field trip to the desert. They noticed a hill of sand, made and shaped by the wind. What is this called?

• Delta

• Sink hole

• Sand dune

• Mountain

Answer explanation

The question is asking about what a pile of sand, shaped by the wind in the desert, is called. Among the options provided, 'Sand dune' is the correct answer. A sand dune is a hill of sand built by wind or water flow, commonly found in deserts or coastal areas.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

During a geography class, Olivia, Anika, and Rohan were discussing different types of mountains. They came across a type of mountain made of lava, ash, and other materials. What is this type of mountain called?

• Mountain

• Delta

• Canyon

• Volcano

Answer explanation

The question was about identifying the type of mountain that is formed from lava, ash, and other materials. Among the given options, the correct answer is 'Volcano'. This is because a volcano is a type of mountain that forms when molten rock (lava), ash, and other materials erupt from beneath the Earth's surface and accumulate over time.

During a science class, Lily and Noah were discussing geological phenomena. Lily asked Noah, 'What do we call the movement of the ground that is caused by a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust?'

• Fault

• Subduction zone

• Earthquake

• Tsunami

Answer explanation

The correct choice is 'Earthquake'. The movement of the ground due to a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust is known as an earthquake. The other options, 'Fault', 'Subduction Zone', and 'Tsunami' do not fit the description given in the question.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS3-2

During a geography class, Luna was asked to identify the point directly above the focus of an earthquake on a diagram. What is this point called?

• Epicenter

• Command post

• The start

• The heart

Answer explanation

In the context of a geography lesson, the point directly above an earthquake's focus on a diagram is referred to as the 'Epicenter'. This term describes the location on the Earth's surface that's directly above the point where an earthquake starts in the Earth's crust, known as the focus. Hence, the answer to this question is 'Epicenter'.

During a school trip to the Blue Ridge and Valley and Ridge regions of Georgia, Daniel, Henry, and Emma noticed a break in the Earth's crust. What is the term for this geological feature they observed?

• Transition zone

• Transform boundary

• Fault

• Trench

Answer explanation

The correct answer is 'Fault'. A 'Fault' is a break in the Earth's crust, where sections of a plate are moving in different directions. The movement can cause earthquakes. The other options, 'Transition zone', 'Transform boundary', and 'Trench' are also geological features, but they do not specifically refer to a break in the Earth's crust.

Avery, Emma, and Arjun went on a field trip. They noticed a natural shape on the land. This is described as a _________.

• Constructive process

• Landform

• Destructive process

• Erosion

Answer explanation

The question is about a natural shape observed on land during a field trip by Avery, Emma, and Arjun. The term used to describe such naturally occurring shapes or structures on the Earth's surface is 'Landform'. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Landform'. Other options such as 'Constructive process', 'Destructive process', and 'Erosion' refer to processes that lead to the formation or alteration of landforms, but they are not descriptions of the shapes themselves.

Evelyn, Luna, and Jackson went on a field trip to Thomasville. They noticed that the ground had collapsed in certain areas, creating a ________________. This is a common occurrence in Thomasville due to water erosion causing underground caves to collapse. What is this phenomenon called?

• Mountains

• Valleys

• Sand dunes

• Sinkhole

Answer explanation

The correct answer is 'Sinkhole'. The question describes a phenomenon where the ground collapses due to water erosion causing underground caves to collapse. This is specifically referred to as a 'sinkhole'. Other options like 'Mountains', 'Valleys', and 'Sand dunes' do not accurately describe this specific phenomenon.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

Charlotte and William are at the beach building sandcastles. Abigail notices that their actions are similar to a certain process that builds up the Earth's surface. Which process is it?

• Destructive process

• Constructive process

• Erosion

• Earthquakes

Answer explanation

In the given question, Charlotte and William's actions of building sandcastles at the beach can be compared to the 'Constructive process'. A constructive process is one that builds up the Earth's surface, similar to how they are building up sandcastles. Other options like 'Destructive process', 'Erosion', and 'Earthquakes' involve breaking down or moving earth materials, not building them up.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2