Ch 5 Test Review Game, pt 2

The graph shows the changing populations of wolves and moose in Isle Royale National Park. Wolves are predators, and moose are their prey.

Which of the following pairs of populations is most likely to increase and decrease in a similar pattern to the wolves and moose?

• Moose and balsam fir, which are the favorite food plants of moose

• Very old wolves and young wolf pups

• Moose and the beneficial bacteria that live in the digestive tracts of moose

• Male wolves and female wolves

A hurricane blows across a Caribbean island. The storm flattens trees, and it drowns or washes away a large number of plants and animals. As a result of the storm, the carrying capacity of the island is temporarily reduced for many of the island species.

How is the storm classified as a limiting factor?

• The storm is a density-independent limiting factor, because population size and density do not alter the storm's effect.

• The storm is a density-independent limiting factor, because its effect depends on the size and density of a population.

• The storm is a density-dependent limiting factor, because its effect depends on the size and density of a population.

• The storm is a density-dependent limiting factor, because its effect depends on the strengths of its wind and rainfall.

Bamboo is a type of grass. In the wild, pandas eat bamboo almost exclusively. For this reason, the availability of bamboo is a significant limiting factor on the panda population.

Which statement describes how pandas could become extinct in the wild?

• The bamboo population decreases so low that other limiting factors begin to affect the panda population.

• The bamboo population decreases so low that the carrying capacity for pandas becomes zero.

• The populations of bamboo and pandas follow a cyclical pattern of increasing and decreasing, until one of them becomes extinct.

• The populations of bamboo and pandas both follow a pattern of exponential growth, and then both become extinct.

Demographers developed a hypothesis to explain the changes to the populations of countries over time. This hypothesis describes a demographic transition, in which countries change from a combination of high birthrates and high death rates to low birthrates and low death rates. The changes of the demographic transition are summarized in the graph.

Which of these events is most likely to occur during Stage II of the demographic transition?

• The population decreases slightly, especially in the younger age ranges.

• The population decreases slightly, especially in the older age ranges.

• The population increases slightly, due mainly to the increased rate that babies are born.

• The population increases significantly, due mainly to a decrease in death rate.

The graphs show the age structure for each of three countries. The horizontal bars show the percentages of the population in each age group, by gender. Note that for Country 1, about 20 percent of the population is between the ages of 0 and 4. This is the greatest percentage of any 4-year age span in all three countries.

Which conclusion about Country 1 does its age structure support?

• Young children have a lower death rate in Country 1 than in the other countries.

• Young children have a higher death rate in Country 1 than in the other countries.

• More young children live in Country 1 than in the other countries.

• Fewer young children live in Country 1 than in the other countries.

Lake Tefillin is a large freshwater lake that is popular for recreation. One year, the managers of the lake introduce a population of rainbow trout to the lake. The graph shows the growth of the population over several years.

Which best describes the growth pattern of the rainbow trout?

• Exponential growth, because the lake provides unlimited resources to the population

• Logistic growth, because the effect of limiting factors increases with the population size

• Exponential growth, because limiting factors are always affecting the population

• Logistic growth, because the lake provides unlimited resources until the population reaches carrying capacity

Does the graph show that the population has reached carrying capacity?

• Yes, because the population eventually fluctuates near a certain maximum value.

• Yes, because the population continues to grow indefinitely.

• No, because the population does not reach a definite maximum value.

• No, because the population continues to grow indefinitely.

In a forest ecosystem, a variety of predators compete with one another for the same prey. The predators include wolves, coyotes, foxes, and hawks. Their prey include deer, rabbits, mice, and the chickens that live outdoors on nearby farms and backyards.

Suppose that human activities, such as hunting, drastically reduce the populations of the wolves, coyotes, and foxes. Which statement best explains a likely change to the hawk population?

• The hawk population decreases because of the natural cycle that affects predators and prey.

• The hawk population remains constant because competition has no effect on carrying capacity.

• The hawk population increases in a pattern of exponential growth, because the limiting factors on the population were removed.

• The hawk population increases to a new carrying capacity that is determined by one or more limiting factors, such as the availability of food.

In the eighteenth century, the population of sea otters decreased significantly along the California coast. Scientists cite the hunting of sea otters by humans as the cause of this decrease.

Today, the population of invasive lionfish is growing rapidly in the Caribbean Sea. However, scientists argue that human hunting or harvesting of lionfish will not affect the population.

Which comparison of sea otters and lionfish is most useful for explaining the potential impact of human hunting on their populations?

• Lionfish have a much shorter average lifespan.

• Lionfish have a much higher death rate.

• Lionfish have a much higher birthrate.

• Lionfish have a much narrower geographic range.

A grasslands ecosystem is home to populations of a variety of animals, including bison, prairie dogs, ferrets, pheasants, and hawks. Which change to the ecosystem is most likely to decrease the sizes of every grasslands population by the same percentage, regardless of its initial size or distribution?

• the introduction of a new herbivore species to the ecosystem

• the removal of the bison, the largest animals of the ecosystem

• the conversion of half of the ecosystem into farms and ranches

• a gradual increase of average temperature by 1.5°C over the next century