apes chapter 3 review questions

Autotrophs

• use photosynthesis.
• are able to survive without oxygen.
• are primary consumers.
• are at the top of the food chain.
• cannot assimilate carbon.

A zebra is an example of

• a secondary consumer.
• a producer
• a detritivore.
• a primary consumer.
• a scavenger.

If gross primary productivity in a wetland is 3 kg C/m^2/year and respiration is 1.5 kg C/m^2/year, what is the net primary productivity of the wetland?

• 1.5 kg C/m^2/year
• 2 kg C/m^2/year
• 3 kg C/m^2/year
• 4.5 kg C/m^2/year
• Impossible to determine from the given information

The average efficiency of energy transfer between trophic levels is approximately

• 1 percent
• 4 percent
• 10 percent
• 40 percent
• 50 percent

The gross primary productivity of an ecosystem is

• the total amount of biomass.
• the total energy captured by photosynthesis.
• the energy capured after accounting for respiration.
• the energy available to primary consumers.
• the biomass of the producers.

Ecosystem boundaries are

• based primariy on topographic features.
• boundaries to nutrient flows.
• never based on human created features.
• are only used for ecosystems smaller than a few square hectares.
• depend on many subjective factors.

Which one of the following is fixed from the atmosphere by bacteria?

• Magnesium
• Phosphorus
• Sulfur
• Nitrogen
• Potassium

Human contruction of buildings and pavement affect the hydrological cycle by I.increasing runoff II. increasing evaporation III. increasing percolation

• I only
• I and II only
• I and III only
• II and III only
• III only

The largest carbon pool is found in

• oceans
• the atmosphere
• sedimentary rock
• living organisms
• fossil fuels

Phosphorus

• is a limiting nutrient in many aquatic systems.
• has an important gaseous phase.
• is easily lost from soils due to leaching.
• is often produced by volcanic eruptions.
• changes chemical form often during its biogeochemical cycle.