DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis

Genetics is the study of

• bacteria.

• evolution.

• heredity.

• reproduction.

Cells secrete proteins, often as enzymes, that have been engineered or directed by the DNA in the nucleus. Which processes are involved in protein synthesis?

• transfer to RNA, then to amino acids

• transcription into RNA, then translation into amino acids

• replication of DNA, then transcription into enzymes

• translation into RNA, then replication into DNA

If the sequence of nucleotides were AGC on a strand of DNA, what would be the nucleotide sequence on a strand of mRNA formed during transcription?

• AGG

• UCG

• TGC

• TCG

The function of mRNA is to

• carry genetic information from the nucleus to the site of protein synthesis.

• begin the "unzipping" of the DNA molecule.

• maintain homeostasis within the cell during mitosis.

• direct the movement of centrosomes during meiosis.

What is (are) formed during replication?

• amino acids

• DNA

• proteins

• RNA

As each section of the genetic code on DNA is transcribed to mRNA, the two strands of DNA rejoin. Then the mRNA moves into the cytoplasm through a pore in the nuclear membrane. Ribosomes attach to the mRNA, in the cytoplasm, to carry out the formation of a protein. What is this process called?

• mutation

• synthesis

• translation

• transference

Proteins are built up or synthesized by the code stored in the DNA molecules. Which concept about protein synthesis in an organism is NOT correct?

• The DNA can not leave the nucleus.

• tRNA copies the DNA to leave the nucleus.

• The ribosomes are the parts of cells where proteins are manufactured.

• The sequence of DNA bases determines the arrangement of amino acids in a protein.

Athletes are often concerned with the question of how much protein they need in their diets because of the requirement of growing muscles for protein. Just as muscles need the basic building block of protein, protein itself has basic building blocks also. Which of the following are the basic building blocks of protein?

• nitrates

• amino acids

• monosaccharide's

• nucleus

The process by which the order of bases in messenger RNA (mRNA) codes for the order of amino acids in a protein is called

• translation

• transcription

• replication

• nondisjunction

During translation, the mRNA codon CCU codes for what amino acid?

• alanine

• tyrosine

• proline

• glutamic