3.1 American Indians under Pressure

Why was the popularity of buffalo hunting among white tourists so threatening to Native American civilizations in the West?

• The sport brought great numbers of white settlers to the area for the first time.

• Arriving white tourists damaged lands on which Native Americans mined gold and silver.

• Native Americans experienced challenges finding enough resources to meet their basic needs.

• Native Americans were forced to abandon their traditional western lands and move to reservations in the east.

How did white settlers’ belief in manifest destiny affect Native Americans?

• Native Americans engaged in multiple battles with white settlers.

• Native Americans settled and adapted to the ways of white settlers.

• Native Americans were given tools and resources to farm new land.

• Native Americans lost more territory due to white settler expansion.

The Dawes General Allotment Act is an example of the Americanization movement because it

• encouraged Indians to own private property.

• required the payment of property taxes for schools.

• asked Indians to form representative governments.

• required farmers to meet production quotas.

What did the Apache War and the Red River War have in common?

• The same Native American peoples were involved in both wars.

• Both wars resulted from Native Americans attacking white settlers.

• Both wars were fought while the Civil War was taking place.

• The shrinking buffalo population was a factor in both wars.

Why would the Sioux have opposed the Bozeman Trail crossing their land?

• They did not want to give up their land.

• They wanted a railroad line across their land instead.

• White travelers would hunt game that the Sioux depended on.

• The region the trail crossed was sacred to the Sioux.

What was the result of the Supreme Court ruling that Native American groups were not independent nations?

• The government had to return to the difficult process of negotiating treaties with the many Native American groups.

• It upheld the federal government’s decision to stop making treaties and allowed it to continue passing laws to carry out its Native American policies.

• It prevented government officials from breaking up reservations into individual land holdings.

• The government’s programs to assimilate Native Americans into white society failed.

How would Native Americans have likely viewed the 1887 Dawes Act?

• as an attempt to steal their land

• as an attack on their culture and traditions

• as a violation of their treaty rights

• as an effort to strengthen their tribal governments

What was the purpose of the Fort Laramie Treaty with the Sioux?

• to prevent further battles with the Sioux

• to collect taxes from the Sioux

• to build a road in Sioux land to gold-mining areas

• to obtain complete government control over the Sioux

One effect of the pressure on Native Americans to assimilate into white culture was

• that Native Americans bought up arable land in the West, causing a shortage of land.

• that most Native Americans left reservations to find work in factories in cities.

• that Native Americans lost many traditional practices.

• that Native Americans were not allowed to return to their ancestral lands.

How did reformers hope the Dawes Act would encourage assimilation of Native Americans?

• The Dawes Act forbade Native Americans from speaking their tribal languages and created schools to teach English to Native American children.

• The Dawes Act ended tribal landholding and encouraged economic assimilation by making Native Americans private land owners.

• The Dawes Act gave each Native American family a land grant that allowed them to leave the economic isolation of the reservation.

• The Dawes Act established programs to help Native Americans learn about the dress and customs of white American society.