AP Biology: Organelle Structure and Function

Which of the following cells would most likely have the greatest concentration of densely packed rough endoplasmic reticulum?

• An amoeba engulfing small ciliates

• A bioluminescent bacterial cell

• A pancreatic cell engaged in the production of digestive enzymes

• A functional cell at maturity functioning in transporting hormones

Plant cells have ___ for cell to cell communication.

• gap junctions
• plasmodesmata
• desmosomes
• tight junctions

Eukaryotic Cell

• a cell containing a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles
• a cell that lacks a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles; includes achaea and bacteria
• the idea that the mitochonria and chloroplasts were once free living and were engulfed by other prokaryotic cells.
• a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

A cross section of part of a Golgi complex is shown. Part of the membrane of the Golgi complex pinches off and moves away. Which of the following is a function of this process?

• to release energy from ATP

• to deliver proteins to other locations in the cell

• to collect amino acids for use in protein synthesis

• to sent messages about cell requirements to the nucleus

Liver cells are specialized cells that carry out a multitude of tasks, including the synthesis of cholesterol and the breakdown of protein metabolites. These cells would be expected to contain a large proportion of which organelle relative to all others?

• smooth ER

• rough ER

• golgi

• nucleolus

Sometimes a protein is made that will be released out of the cell. Which of these is the correct order of steps for this to happen?

• Made in rough ER, shipped to Golgi, vesicle travels to membrane and fuses with it

• Made in smooth ER, shipped to Golgi, vesicle travels to membrane and fuses with it

• Piece of membrane pinches off so that substance enters the cell wrapped in vesicle

Which part of the mitochondrion shown enhances its ability to produce ATP by increasing the surface area of a mitochondrial membrane?

• structure A

• structure B

• structure C

• structure D

Studies of the endomembrane system often involve the use of a protein that can emit a green fluorescence (glow). A researcher wants to make a video of cell behavior, so she initially labels the outer nuclear envelope of a cell with the fluorescent tag and records a video for several hours. Later, she sees that the tag is part of a transport vesicle very close to the plasma membrane. The fluorescent tag likely did not become incorporated into which of the following organelles?

• "receiving" side of Golgi

• "shipping" side of Golgi

• mitochondria

• rough ER

A child dies following a series of chronic bacterial infections. At the autopsy, the physicians are startled to see that the child's white blood cells are loaded with vacuoles containing intact bacteria. Which of the following explanations could account for this finding?

• A defect in the Golgi apparatus prevented the cells from processing and excreting the bacteria.

• A defect in the rough endoplasmic reticulum prevented the synthesis of the antibodies (defensive proteins) that would have inactivated the bacteria.

• A defect in the cell walls of the white blood cells permitted bacteria to enter the cells.

• A defect in the lysosomes of the white blood cells prevented the cells from destroying engulfed bacteria.

The endosymbiosis hypothesis proposes that

• two separate cells worked cooperatively and one benefited from the other

• a small cell lived inside a larger cell to the benefit of both cells.

• a large cell engulfed and digested a smaller cell, exposing its enzymes for use by the larger cell.

• two cells merged into one cell, improving the enzyme function of the new cell.