EL Exam short answer 1

"Yeah-nah" is a ...

• discourse particle

• verb

• modal

• exclamation

The arrangement of things/arguments that make sense (ie give the text coherence) :

e.g if writing about a character's sadness you aren't going to suddenly talk about the inflation of Indian currency

• Inference

• Logical Ordering

• Formatting

• Consistency

Something that has been deduced or concluded given the context: e.g Guests at a dinner party ask for seconds so you can guess they like the food

• Inference

• Clefting

• Anaphoric Reference

• Deixis

Occurs when the writer refers back to someone or something earlier to avoid repetition

e.g 'I went out with Jon on Sunday. SHE looked awful' ('She' refers to Jo; no need to repeat her name)

• Anaphoric Reference

• Cataphoric Reference

• Repetition

• Synonymy

A reference forward in the discourse; something is introduced before it is identified

e.g "Here he comes, our award-winning host...its John Doe!" (the "he" in front refers to John, who is identified later in the sentence)

• Cataphoric Reference

• Anaphoric Reference

• Front Focus

• Antonymy

The state of words having a similar meaning to each other (closely related) e.g the adjectives 'big' and 'large', or the verbs 'to buy' and 'to purchase'

• Synonymy

• Antonymy

• Repetition

• Deixis

The situation in which information is presented at the beginning of a sentence to given it greater prominence:

e.g. "Powerful you have become Dooku, the dark side I sense in you" -Yoda

• Front Focus

• End Focus

• Clefting

• Deixis

The situation in which new information is presented at the end of a sentence:

e.g. Your books are on the shelf

• End Focus

• Front Focus

• Clefting

• Deixis

Refers to words or phrases that cannot be understood without context. Words are deictic if their semantic meaning is fixed but their denotational meaning varies depending on time and/or place:

e.g Pronouns ('I', 'you'...), 'here', 'there'

• Deixis

• Cataphoric Reference

• Anaphoric Reference

• Collocation

A stylistic device where a more specific lexeme is used rather than the more general lexeme:

e.g 'basil' and 'oregano' are a type of herb

• Hyponymy

• Antonymy

• Collocation

• Ellipsis