Q. Using the chart below, identify the most accurate conclusion.

England and Ireland supplied more than 3.3 million of the nation's immigrants over the 50-year span.

Ireland had the largest population in 1845.

Switzerland immigrants followed Scandinavians to the United States during the specified time period.

Poland had the largest per ca-pita number of immigrants during the years 1840 to 1890.

Choose or write the answer to each question. The pilgrims were from a religious group that was persecuted in England because their beliefs from the teachings of the Church of England. To escape this situation, the pilgrims first went to HOLLAND. Unhappy there, they then obtained permission to settle in America, near the first English colony in Virginia. In 1620, a group of colonists set sail aboard the MAYFLOWER to start the second colony on England’s land in the new world. However, their ship was blown off course, and they arrived far north of their intended destination. Before going ashore, the colonists wrote and signed the following agreement, which is known as the MAYFLOWER compact. Excerpt from the MAYFLOWER compact ‘ we whose names are underwritten, the loyal subjects of our dread sovereign Lord king James … Having undertaken, for the glory of God, and advancement of the Christian faith and honor of our king &country, a voyage to plant the first colony in the northern parts of virigina, do solemnly and mutually.. Combine ourselves together into civil body politic; for our better ordering and preservation… to enact, constitute and frame such just and equal laws, ordinance, acts, constitutions, and office from time to time, as shell to be thought.. Convent for the general good of the colony:unto which we promise all due submission and obedience.” What was the main idea of the Mayflower compact?

To make plans for governing the colony

To divide land among the colonists

To promise to obey all English officials

Choose or write the answer to each question. The pilgrims were from a religious group that was persecuted in England because their beliefs from the teachings of the Church of England. To escape this situation, the pilgrims first went to HOLLAND. Unhappy there, they then obtained permission to settle in America, near the first English colony in Virginia. In 1620, a group of colonists set sail aboard the MAYFLOWER to start the second colony on England’s land in the new world. However, their ship was blown off course, and they arrived far north of their intended destination. Before going ashore, the colonists wrote and signed the following agreement, which is known as the MAYFLOWER compact. Excerpt from the MAYFLOWER compact ‘ we whose names are underwritten, the loyal subjects of our dread sovereign Lord king James … Having undertaken, for the glory of God, and advancement of the Christian faith and honor of our king &country, a voyage to plant the first colony in the northern parts of virigina, do solemnly and mutually.. Combine ourselves together into civil body politic; for our better ordering and preservation… to enact, constitute and frame such just and equal laws, ordinance, acts, constitutions, and office from time to time, as shell to be thought.. Convent for the general good of the colony:unto which we promise all due submission and obedience.” 1. Which ideal Is US History is expressed in the MAYFLOWER compact? a.

The establishment of religious freedom

Cooperation between the colonies

Read the passage then answers the question. Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation or any nation so conceived and so dedicated can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting-place for those who here gave their lives that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead who struggled here have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract The world will little note nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus are so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us--that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion--that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain, that this nation under God shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth. President Abraham Lincoln November 19, 1863, Gettysburg, The main idea of the Gettysburg address was:

The purpose of the Civil War was to uphold the ideals of a one nation under God with liberty for all.

If the north lost the Civil War, there would be no more democracy on the earth .

To give up fighting would mean all who had died would have died for nothing.

The Civil War was costing the lives of many American soldiers.

WORLD WAR I At first glance, it appears that Europe stumbled into World War I over the assassination of the Archduke Ferdinand, heir to the Austrio-Hungarian Empire. However, there were other factors that had contributed to the outbreak of war, many of which had been undercurrents in European politics for almost a century. These included rising nationalism, imperial competition, and a fear of war that led to military alliances and an arms race Nationalism was a strong force in 19th century Europe, leading to the unification of Italy and Germany, and causing resentment in France over the loss of Alsace-Lorraine to Germany after the Franco-Prussian War. In addition, Austria-Hungary struggled with rising nationalism among the various ethnic groups that populated the Balkans. Imperialism caused further division between European powers. Britain, France and Germany competed for overseas colonies that they saw as markets for their industrial products, while Russia and Austria-Hungary considered carving up the crumbling Ottoman Empire. A fear of war had lead to a series of military conflicting alliances. In 1882, a Triple Alliance had been created between Germany, Italy and Austria- Hungary. By 1910, Britain, France and Russia had formed the Triple Entente, or understanding, in part out of fear of the growing military in Germany. Between 1870 and 1914, France and Germany doubled the size of their standing army, while Britain and Germany significantly increased the size of their navies. In the end, Europe was divided into two armed camps poised for war. All that was needed was a match to light the fuse, and the assassination of the Archduke was just that. Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia with the full backing of Germany. Russia immediately sent troops to defend Serbia. Germany responded by declaring war first on Russia, and then on France. When the Germans invaded Belgium, a neutral nation, to attack France, prompting Britain to declare war on Germany. World War I had begun. According to the above passage, World War I was caused by Select any two causes

the assignation of the Archduke Ferdinand.

the military alliances that divided Europe into two armed camps

an accidental sliding into war.

Read the passage and choose the answer In the late 1800s, two labor organizations tried to improve the lives of workers. The Knights of Labor, led by Terence Powderly, was organized into separate unions for each industry. All workers in an industry were eligible to join its Union, regardless of the Work they performed. Skilled and Unskilled workers belonged to the same union. Between 1880 and 1886, the Knights membership grew from 10,000 to 700,000 workers. The Knights called for higher wages, an eight hour workday, and an end to child labor. Powderly preferred negotiation to strikes, but he had little control over the individual local unions. The Knights reputation suffered after a series of unsuccessful strikes and a bombing in 1886. Membership rapidly declined, and by the 1890s the Knights had been overshadowed by the American Federation of Labor. The American Federation of Labor, or AFL, was organized by cigar maker Samuel Gompers in 1886. It was successful for many of the some reasons that the Knights of Labor was not. Each member union of the AFL consisted of workers who all had the same craft or skill. Skilled workers could strike more effectively than unskilled workers, who could be easily replaced. However, rather than promote strikes, Gompers tried very hard to cooperate with employers who allowed workers to belong to a union. Under his direction, skilled workers eventually got shorter working hours and better pay. The late 1800s and early 1900s were a time of labor related violence. Because courts generally considered labor unions to be illegal monopolies, employers often relied on the police or private security forces to defeat strikes. In 1914, Congress passed the Clayton Act, which declared that unions were not monopolies; but the courts continued to rule against the Unions. Not until the National Labor Relations Act in 1935 did workers gain the legal right to join unions and engage in collective bargaining with employers. Using the passage, predict what would happen if the United Auto Workers lost several strikes against the Nation’s automakers.

More unskilled workers would join the union

Workers would worry less about job safety

Read the passage and place a check mark The idea of popular sovereignty- that the source of all governmental power comes from the consent of the people who are governed- originated with a group of European political thinkers known as the social contract philosophers in the 17 th and 18 th centuries. These leaders believed that people became “social” by entering into a social contract, or mutually beneficial agreement. Individuals gave up some of their freedoms to the authority of a sovereign, or ruler as means of protecting their other natural rights. Q . Place a check mark next to the definition of the term social contract as it is used in this passage.

An agreement among people to forego some of their natural rights under the leadership of a sovereign so they can be guaranteed that other rights will be protected

an agreement that the people can throw their political leaders out of office if they do not like actions

Read the map and answers the questions. To reduce dependency on foreign oil, the president urges Congress to increase domestic energy production According to the map above, where in general are the prospective locations for oil drilling in the United States?

in offshore areas of the United States

in only one region of the United States

spread throughout the continental United States

off the East Coast in the Atlantic Ocean

in the mountainous areas in the United States

Read the passage and choose the answer In the presidential election of 1796, Americans faced a new situation—a contest between opposing parties. The Federalists nominated Vice-president John Adams for president and Thomas Pinckney for vice -president. The Democratic Republicans nominated Thomas Jefferson for president and Aaron Burr for vice – president. In the election, Adams received 71 electoral votes, while Jefferson received 68. Because the constitution stated that the runner-up should become vice –president, and a democratic Republican vice-president. What had seemed sensible when the constitution was written and become a problem because of the unexpected rise of political Parties? The election also underscored the growing danger of sectionalism. Almost all the electors from the southern states voted for Jefferson, while all the electors from the northern states voted for Adams. According to the text, what is the meaning of “Sectionalism”?

Placing the interests of one region over those of the nation as a whole

Placing the interests of the nation over those of a region

Nominating the runner- up as vice president

Read the passage and choose the answer On November 19, 1863, President Lincoln dedicated a national commentary at the Gettysburg battlefield. The speech he made became famous as the Gettysburg address. In it, he discussed democratic ideals and goal of reuniting the nation. Excerpt from the Gettysburg address “ four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing weather that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure.” Q... The civil war had been raging over two years when Lincoln gave the Gettysburg address. What was the main purpose of his speech?

To praise the union army for the victory

To remind Northerners of the Union’s lack of progress in the year

To remind Northerners of the ideals for which they were fighting

To criticize southerners for continuing to fight

Q. When Lincoln noted that the nation was founded on the principle “ that all men are created equal,” to what earlier document was he referring?

The Declaration of Independence

Read the passage and choose the answer Jim Crow law At the end of reconstruction, all the former Confederate states began to pass Jim Crow Laws. These laws set strict segregation policies at the local and state levels. African Americans could not use the same public facilities as whites. Restaurants, public parks, buses, schools and much more were segregated. The southern states argued that while blacks enjoyed the same rights as whites, these rights could be provided under “a separate but equal” policy. This policy was challenged in 1896 in a famous lawsuit called Plessy v. Ferguson. Homer Plessy was arrested for sitting in a “whites only” railroad car in Louisiana and refusing to give up his seat when asked. The case eventually came before the U.S Supreme Court. Plessey’s lawyers argued that his arrest violated the fourteenth Amendment, which guaranteed the same rights to all citizens regardless of race. The court ruled that the policy of “separate but equal” was constitutional and that Louisiana had not violated the fourteenth amendment. The court claimed there was no difference in the “quality” of services offered to whites and African Americans, even though this was clearly untrue. According to the author, what values did southern states show by enforcing the policy of “separate but equal”?

Concern that all citizens share equal rights

Concern for maintain segregation

Concern about being forgiven for slavery

Concern for the rights of African Americans

Read the passage and choose the answer For centuries, China dealt with outsiders on its own terms. The government severely limited the movement of foreign traders in China. Chinese merchants of foreign traders in China. Chinese merchants accepted only gold and silver for their tea, silks and other trade goods. In about 1800, however, British traders began offering opium from their colonies in India to pay for goods they bought in China. When China’s government demanded that the drug imports be stopped, the result was a war that lasted from 1839 to 1842. Great Britain’s easy victory over China in the Opium War proved how powerful the industrial Revolution had made European nations. To restore peace, China was forced to turn Hong Kong over to Great Britain and to give British traders special privileges in five Chinese ports. Britain’s special trade advantage with China did not last long. France and other nations soon demanded similar trade concessions. By the late 1800s, large areas of China had come under foreign control. These spheres of influence technically remained part of China. However, foreigners in each nation’s sphere obeyed only the laws of their own nation. They were exempt from Chinese authority. Each sphere became a market for that country’s products and a source of raw materials for its factories at home. Q. Which effect of the Industrial revolution is implied in the passage?

Industrialized countries became more powerful than non- industrial countries

The Industrial Revolution caused spheres of influence to develop in China.

The industrial Revolution caused the Opium War

The British began to produce opium.

Read the passage and choose the answer Declaration of Independence We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed_. Q. Amending the constitution to abolish slavery reflects the values and principals best expressed by which phrase in this passage?

“ all men are created equal”

Deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed

“ among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness”

“ We hold these truths to be self-evident”

Read the passage and choose the answer The following is an excerpt from the Triple Alliance Treaty signed between Germany, Austria, and Italy in 1881: “Article 1: The… Contracting Parties mutually promise peace and friendship… and they further promise one another mutual support… Article 3: If one, or two, of the…Contracting Parties, without direct provocation on their part, should chance to be attacked and to be engaged in a war with two or more Great Powers … the [case for the alliance] will arise simultaneously for all the… Contracting Parties. Article 6: The… Contracting Parties mutually promise secrecy as to the contents and existence of the present Treaty.” Q. In what way, if at all, did the Triple Alliance Treaty influence World War I?

The treaty helped prevent or delay World War I because countries around the world knew about the agreement and were reluctant to attack Italy, Germany, or Austria.

None — the treaty had no relationship to World War I because it was signed after the war occurred.

The treaty helped prevent or delay World War I because every country in Europe signed the agreement.

The treaty made it difficult to avoid a large conflict because it required several countries to assist each other in case one member was attacked.

Read the passage and answers the questions. In the United States, the Federal Reserve System controls all monetary policy decisions. The Fed, as it is commonly called, actually consists of 12 private banks, which are independent in their day to day operations, but which ultimately report to congress. As such, the Fed is a quasi-public institution, part private and part governmental. if there is a recession during which production slows and unemployment RISES, THE Federal Reserves can stimulate growth by lowering interest rates, thereby encouraging business to invest in new production. This new production will have the secondary effect of increasing jobs. The Fed cans also investment by offering bonds and other government securities. Inflation and deflation are important factors in the monetary policy decisions the Fed must make. High inflation also weakens consumer confidence. Deflation occurs when prices are falling throughout all segments of the economy. The great Depression of the 1930s is an example of the devastating effects that long-term deflation can have on the economy. In this case, it led to the significant loss of value for property owners and businesses, made borrowing virtually impossible and sent unemployment rates soaring: Q.In a recession, the federal Reserve system can stimulate growth by

Raising prices of goods and services

Stabilizing prices of goods and services

MOCK final 4 HS

Authored by Aneeqa N

Social Studies

12th Grade

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

2 mins • 1 pt

Read the following paragraph and answer the question.

Congresswoman Burns: The new organic food safety regulations are likely to increase the average cost of some food staples. The costs are justified, however, by the peace of mind that comes from knowing your food is safe and healthy.
Concerned Citizen: Rising prices are a cancer eating away at our families. High costs will drive people away from healthy foods and wind up harming our children’s diets. Instead of buying wholesome, natural products, parents will feed their kids fast food.
Which of the following constitute “loaded” words the Concerned Citizen uses to support her point?

high costs

our children’s diets

a cancer

fast food

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

2 mins • 1 pt

The graph can be used to disprove which one of the following claims?

Third-party candidates have not enjoyed significant support in the 21st century.

The third-party candidate who garnered the most support since 1960 was Ross Perot in 1992.

Third party candidates have never captured more than 10 percent of the popular vote in any presidential election.

In most elections, all third-party candidates combined get less than 5 percent of the popular vote.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

2 mins • 1 pt

Although the states have the power to make their own laws in many areas, in practice they cooperate with one another to a great extent. For example, when a person travels, his or her driver’s license, which was issued by one state, will be honored in other states.
On which of the following principles is this type of cooperation based?

A. mutual respect and convenience

centralization of authority

common law

division of power

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

2 mins • 1 pt

In 1979, Congress passed legislation to allow political parties to raise unlimited amounts of general-purpose money not designated for particular candidates. In 1991, a lawsuit forced disclosure of such “soft money” contributions, and concern grew about the size of individual donations, the extent of total donations, and the ways in which the money was being spent. During the presidential elections of 1996 and 2000, campaign fundraising, especially the raising and spending of soft money, was an issue, with the candidates promising reform. Finally, in 2001, after several years of hearings, the Senate passed the McCain-Feingold bill, which would eliminate the unregulated soft money contributions that make up a large proportion of the parties’ budgets.

Which of the following is the most likely reason soft money was not a major issue in the 1980s?

People were less aware of soft money because disclosure was not required at that time.

Political campaigns were publicly financed, so soft money was not needed.

Most candidates spent part of their campaign funds on television ads.

McCain and Feingold had not submitted their campaign finance reform bill.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

2 mins • 1 pt

The mechanization of the textile industry, the invention of the steam engine, and the development of the coal and iron industries contributed to Great Britain’s lead in the Industrial Revolution. However, after 1850, other nations began to challenge Great Britain’s lead. Belgium, France, and Germany all industrialized quickly. By 1900, natural resources and railroad building helped make the United States the leading industrial nation.
Which of the following is the best summary of this passage?

Plentiful natural resources and a vast railroad system were the underpinnings of the Industrial Revolution in the United States.

The Industrial Revolution started in Great Britain and spread to Europe, but by 1900 the United States was the leading industrialized nation.

The Industrial Revolution started in Great Britain and spread throughout the world.

The development of natural resources made Great Britain the leader in the Industrial Revolution.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

3 mins • 1 pt

Which conclusion can best be drawn from the information in this chart?

The Middle states led the nation in all categories related to manufacturing.

The Southern states led the nation in manufacturing.

The New England states depended more on agriculture than on manufacturing.

Manufacturing production in the Western states exceeded that of the New England states.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

2 mins • 1 pt

In 1972, Richard Nixon assumed the United State Presidential office as a popular incumbent. However, his tenure in the office was a turbulent time for the nation. In June 1972, police arrested five men who had broken into the Democratic National Convention headquarters in the Watergate office building in Washington DC. The media discovered those arrested were members of the committee to reelect the President. One worked at the White House. As a result, people began to question whether the President was aware of this plot. Then, during the investigation, the White House staff engaged in steps to hide evidence pointing to the President. By 1974 the evidence had mounted against the President who resigned from the office of United States President.

A) After reading the passage, arrange the following information in the order of the events which lead to the resignation of President Richard Nixon.

1. Steps to cover up the president’s knowledge of the Watergate crime
2. The Supreme Court Case of United States v. Richard Nixon
3. Discovery that White House staff members were involved
4. Break-in at the Democratic National Convention headquarters

1,2,3

2,3,4,1

4,2,1,3

4,3,1,2

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